Calendar of Operations for All Classes. 161 
XVIT.—CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR 
AL CLASSES: 
The object of this chapter 1s merely to remind 
readers that certain operations must be conducted 
during each month of the year if Carnation culture 
1s meant to be a success. Details of the several 
operations cannot be given here, as all will be found 
in the operations dealing with the respective classes 
of Carnations. 
The plants must at all times be kept scrupulously 
clean, and good/culture given, both with the view of 
keeping down insect pests and preventing fungoid 
diseases. Not every grower has the convenience to 
grow all classes of Carnations, even if he desired to 
do so; but .aose who have an open and sunny garden, 
even if in a town, can grow border and show Carna- 
tions and Picotees. Till within recent years yellow 
ground Carnations and Picotees were a source of 
endless trouble, but many of the more recent are of 
robust and hardy constitution. 
JANUARY. 
Border Carnations. 
Plantations in the open ground will require very 
little attention beyond keeping the ground stirred 
and aeratea during open and fairly dry weather. 
Decaying foliage should be cut off with a sharp 
knife or scissors to prevent it from contaminating 
the rest or fostering disease. Where the soil is 
heavy and inclined to clay, or the garden is situated 
in a smoky town the plants will be wintered in cold 
frames. Ventilation night and day is absolutely 
essential to their welfare, even if the sashes are only 
tilted up at the back. In mild weather the sashes 
may even be left off entirely, except in the event of 
heavy rain or snow. Mats may be used during long 
continued frost, and if the sun should be bright dur- 
ing the day the mats should remain to aveid exciting 
the plants bv the rise cf temperature. Very little, 
if any, watering will be required. 
Show Carnations and Picotees. 
What has been said with regard to berder Carna- 
F 
