Calendar of Operations for All Classes. 179 
OCTOBER. 
Border Carnations. 
The first fortnight of this month is a very suitable 
time for making new plantations of rooted layers, so 
that if the operation was not completed at the end 
of September an effort should be made to do it with- 
out further delay. The layers have just sufficient 
time to get well established before the advent of 
winter. This applies also to those intended to be 
wintered in pots. 
Show Carrations and Picotees 
What potting of layers remains to be done should 
be completed at once. They winter best when the 
root system gets fairly well developed before cold 
weather puts a stop to active growth. Those which 
have already been in the frames for eight days to 
a fortnight will have taken to the soil sufficiently to 
permit of air being given night and day. Remove 
injured, broken, or decayed leaves and keep the 
plants clear of insect pests. Little water will now 
be required, though a few pots may require water 
occasionally to prevent the roots suffering in the 
present critical stage. The sashes should be utilised 
~ to keep off rain. 
Experienced amateurs will not need to be advised 
to order early such varieties as they may desire to 
add to their collections. Some of them may be 
new or scarce, and in such cases it is best to order 
as early as the middle of September, but the second 
week of October should not be allowed to pass with- 
out getting and potting the requisite number. 
Tree Carnations. 
As autumn advances the early flowering varieties 
will make a good display. As the temperature 
declines some varieties are liable to develop badly. 
The experienced grower, who knows his plants, will 
place these together at the warmest end or situation 
in the house; or better still, he may put them in a 
heated house where a temperature of 50° to 55° at 
night is maintained. In all cases a well lighted and 
ventilated house 1s imperative, and the plants should 
never be staged far from the glass. 
Malmaison Carnations. 
As this race of tree Carnations does not flower 
well before spring a high temperature is not only un- 
