190 Select Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. 
of the shoots not layered. They may be rooted 
in a compost of equal parts of loam, leaf soil, and 
send. 
Several! different methods of rooting them may be 
employed. On a large scale in a bed of manure, about 
ift. in depth, may be made up in a frame or frames. 
Tread this down firmly and cover it with qin. of the 
prepared compost, pressing it down quite firmly. After 
all danger of violent heating is past the cuttings 
may be inserted firmly at once, and the frame kept 
close till the cuttings show signs of rooting by com- 
mencing to grow. Shading will be required during 
the heat of tne day till roots are fairly well formed, 
after which a gradually increasing amount of ventila- 
tion may be given and the shading gradually re- 
moved. When well rooted they may be planted out 
in nursery lines lke the layers, and kept clear of 
weeds. Smaller quantities may be rooted in pre- 
cisely a similar way by standing hand-lights on the 
bed of manure. Even those with the convenience 
of a hand-light only can root a considerable number 
in a bed of the prepared compost, with or without 
the aid of hand-lights. Shading must be given in 
either case during the heat of the day. Some 
growers may be able to procure a few barrow-loads 
of manure, and this can be used to excellent purpose 
in the open air without hand-lights or frames. 
PLANTING.—In August, or as soon as the grounu . 
can be cleareu of its occupants, it should be trenched 
or dug two spits deep, working in plenty of well- 
rotted farmyard manure. Allow it to settle and then 
put it into shape for planting in September or early 
in October. .w evel and rake the ground of bed or 
border ,tread firmly, and mark it cff in lnes Ift. 
apart. The plants may stand at similar distances in 
the lines. Plant with the trowel and make the soil 
about the roots quite flrm. They will get thoroughly 
established before winter, and require little attention 
till spring. During open weather, when the soil is 
sufficiently dry and workable, run the Dutch hoe 
over the ground between the plants to keep the 
surface fresh and open. 
Labels of fair length should be employed to guard 
against their being. cast out by frost. Wooden 
labels are sufficient, as they have only to stand for 
a year. The value of the plants is greatly enhanced 
by being correctly labelled so as to make sure of the 
proper name for each variety. Enthusiastic growers 
need hardly be reminded of this, but with amateurs 
