CULTURE OF THE SUGAR BEET. 



135 



tration of work and the reduction of the general costs and the costs of manufacture 

 have given the most significant results. Compared with other works, this reduction 

 of costs has been from 80 cents to $1 per ton of beets ; and we speak only of works 

 well supplied witb apparatus and well directed, working 15 to 20 thousand tons per 

 annum without annexed raspiug-works. * * * 



Iu 1-72-73, the iirst year of working the factory, with 14 rasping-works, and hand- 

 ling upwards of 04,000 tons of beets, the total expenses were 1-2.27 francs (82.45) per 

 ton. In 187G-'77 these expenses, with 90,000 tons of beets, were 12.11 francs (82.42). 

 In 1877-7^. with 18 rasping-works and handling 112,000 tons, they fell to 10.02 francs 

 ($2) ; or 11.02 francs (.$2.20), if we add the storage of beets, not included in the figures 

 just given. Xo ordinary works, however well they may be supplied with apparatus, 

 can work within these limits of cost ; and we see that M. Linard was right when ho 

 said it was possible to realize with his system at Cambrai a saving of 4 to 5 francs 

 (80 cents to 81). 



At their creation the Cambrai works comprised 14 rasping-works, and the total 

 length of the subterranean pipes was 59 miles. To-day, 1879, they employ in winter 

 1,200 laborers, and are supplied from 18 rasping-works, which pour the juice through 

 77.5 miles of subterranean pipes. 



The following table will serve to show the condition of the works at 

 Cambrai, and the results obtained for a series of years : 



Condition of central factory at Cambrai, and results obtained in a series of years from 



1872 to 1879. 



Through the courteous intervention of Prof. B. Corenwinder, of Lille, 

 France, I have been able to obtain from M. Linard the following state- 

 ment concerning the cost of establishing the central factories with pipe 

 lines in France : 



The expenses of installation of central factories with rasping-works and subterranean 

 transport of juice of beets are very nearly those of ordinary works. Compared with 

 the tons of beets to be worked they are a little lower, varying from 35 to 40 francs 

 (87 to 88) per long ton. Thus the works at Cambrai, capable of working 200,000 tons 

 of beets, cost 8,000,000 francs (81,600,000). The crisis in metals at the time these works 

 were constructed had a decided influence upon this cost. 



The metallurgical establishment of Marquis sells the pipe at 16 francs per 100 kilo- 

 grams. The meter of pipe (of 100 millimeters [3.9 inches] diameter) weighs 28 kilo- 

 grams. The cost of laying complete for this diameter is 1.50 francs per meter. The 

 price varies with the diameter. 



