tygz. Mr Dow/lie's charts, ajt 



" The appearance of the laud, when coming in from the 

 sea, or any part of the coast, by which it may be known. 



" Then follows the piloting directions for the coasts, bays, 

 channels, harbours, is'c. divided into five chapters, each 

 containing a certain space of the coast, and is divided into 

 three sections : The first section in each chapter treats of 

 the tide, giving an account of its rise, velocity, course, 

 and ending of the stream in each place : The second, is a 

 description of all the places, rocks, sands, land marks, with 

 every thing else necefsary to be known, for the purpose of 

 comparing with the chart, in order to be acquainted with 

 the proper marks and objects, before the ihip proceeds : 

 And the third section contains sailing directions and an- 

 chorages, calculated for the immediate conduct of the fhip, 

 and bringing her to an anchor, in which nothing is touch- 

 ed upon but what is necefsary for that purpose, and so ar- 

 ranged, that the objects appear as you sail along. 



" And lastly, is a tide table, a table of latitudes and lon- 

 gitudes, and a table of magnetic courses and distances, from 

 place to place along the coast." 



Mr Downie does not give general views of the appear- 

 ance of the coast, because, as he justly observed, no vievr 

 can be just unlefs when taken from a particular point only j 

 such general views therefore often mislead unwary naviga- 

 tors. But when he points out the land marks for avoiding 

 a sunk rock, or other dangerous object, if the land mark 

 he has chosen be not some very remarkable object uni- 

 versally known, such as the castle of Edinburgh, h'c. he 

 takes care to give an exact delineation of the country 

 where his land mark stands, with the precise line of direc- 

 tion and distance necefsary to be attended to, which can- 

 not be mistaken by any one. 



Allow me to add, that there are a great number of rocks 

 ^d (hoals laid down in these charts that never before were 



