18 



THE WHITE PINE. 



From llie ligurcs, to which ahoiii lo per cent must be added forsliiiigles, hiths, etc., it appears 

 that tlie yearly .mtpiit did not reacii I billion I't'ct until 187!». ami Miat the t;icatest increase in the 

 cut occurred between ls7<; and l.S,S2, when the Tbillion mark was reached. Thi.". enormous cut 

 continued until the },'cneral business depression of 1894 called a temporary halt. In Minnesota, 

 l)ine bnnberiii^' began on the St. Croix and did not reach conspicuous dimensions until during the 

 eighties, when the regions along the upper Mississii)pi, as well as the I>ulutli district, were opened. 

 This progress westward is well illustrated by the following (igures, which show the percentage of 

 the total cut of lumber alone from i)oriod to jieriod, by districts: 



J'ercentaye of total cut of lumber, 1873 to IS'Jo, by dislricta. 



Districts. 



Sai;i""«' "listrirt and mills .nlong railways in soutliiTn 

 )ii'iiinsn]a oC Micliiyan 



Purts aliuut Lake Mithit;an, inclmliiig tliosu uf (irwii 

 Uav 



Distfirt HP.it of Chicago, that is, most of the mills in 

 WiscoDsiu and Mionosota 



In this connection the White Pine trade of St. Louis presents an interesting illustration. The 

 first pine lumbrr was rec-eived from I'ittsburg in l.sitt, and this point remained the principal 

 source of supplies for years. In 184.'5 a boom on the St. Croix liiver broke and the liberated logs 

 were fathered aufl rafted to St. Louis, where they were sawn. In 18.">0 the first regular raft of 

 Wi.sconsin logs was brouglit to the city. In 18r»;3 Schulenberg and Loeckler built a large sawmill 

 on the St. Croix, and from this time on rafts of sawed White Pine were sent to St. Louis from the 

 northern rivers. 



The receipts of White I'iiie at St. Louis were: In 18.53, about GO million feet; in IS.Si', about 

 1(12 million feet. Similarly the luml)er trade of the city of Chicago, the greatest lumber market 

 ill till- Tnited States, if not in the world, illustrates well the development of the White Pine 

 lumber industry. In 1847 only 32 million feet of White Pine lumber were received. The annual 

 receipts at intervals of ten years since 1855 to 1895 were as follows: 



' Feet. 



1855 ;«)(>, (KK), 00(1 



m^'.'..'.'... 617,115,731 



1875 \,\m,nu.vA2 



1885 I,71.1,8!t2,000 



1895 1, 637, 389, 000 



The receipts reached their maximum in 1802 with 2,203,874,(100 feet, and the heavy diminution 

 since that date is not greater than would be accounted for by the general business depression 

 throughout the country. 



In Canada, as in New England, the exjiloitation of White Pine l)egan almost with the tir.st 

 settlement. Logs, hewn tiuibci-s, and especially ship spars, were exported in early days, and of 

 late years an extcn.sive trade in sawn lumber, as well as saw logs, has sprung u]) between that 

 country and the I'nited States. Since reliabh^ statistics of the lumber output of this region are 

 wanting, the following tigiircs for the dues on crown timber in Ontario and (^)nebec must sutlice to 

 illustrate the development of the industry: 



Average annual duen on croitn timher for Ontario and t,>iiebec. 



1S-26-WM $24,000 



is:«-is:ii *<2,000 



1852-1857 V2'2,0()0 



1858-18(;6 uw,m> 



1867-1881 150. (KKl 



The export into the IJnited States for 1894, the heaviest year, was: Lumber, 1,15.-. iniilii.n 

 feet (Pine and Spruce); pine log.s, 277,947,000 feet, or le.ss than l.h billion feet 15. M. 



Though scattering White Pine occurs in all provinces of eastern Canada, large bodies of 

 merchantable timber are only to be found on the upjier waters of the Ottawa, and on the shores 



