AS A FOREST TIJEE IN GERMANY. 



(I'.l 



The i)ii'(;cdiiijj table shows liow tbe slow growth of the first five years whicli tlie White I'iue 

 has iu (common witli the Norway Spruce is overcome before tlie fifteeiitli year, and by the tweii- 

 tietli year the White T'iue has (Hstaiiced the Scotch Pine, gaining on it constantly until, by tbe 

 ninetieth year, it has outgrown it lU per cent. 



IHiiifHsious tnid ifii'Id.'i of While riiie in (icrmiiii forests. 



Locality. 



P.ilatinnti^I 



Palalili;il|. II 



ralaliiiill.'III 



I'alaliiialK IV 



ralati.iali- V 



ralaliiiali' VI 



Prussia (Urafinrodel. 



Do 



Prussia (Rogelwitz) 



Frankfort on tbe Main . 



Tburingia 



Wurtemberg 



f'baractor of forest. 



Pure growth 



do 



White Pint; witli Spruce 



White Pine and Scotch Pine 



do 



do 



White Pine mixed with Scotch Pine 



and Spruce. 



Pure growth 



do 



do 



do 



White Pine mixed with Scotch Pine, 



Spruce, and Fir. 



Age. 



Years, 



104 



()8 



■ 68 



58 



46 



25 



(75 to 80) 



(75 to 80) 

 95 

 82 

 78 

 !13 



Nundier 

 of trees 

 per acre. 



250 

 660 

 550 



xm 



1)00 



1,200 



452 



410 

 333 

 723 

 415 

 183 



Average 



diameter 



(without 



bark). 



Height. 



Inches. 



15.1 

 9. 



10. 



10. 



7. 



4 



(6 to 



(8 to 

 1.1 

 •J 

 II. 

 16 



1 



4 I 



:<! 



4 I 

 28)' 

 18) 



7 



Fe4t, 



92 

 66 

 79 

 64 

 49 

 34 



(73 to 87) 



(SO to 87) 

 88 

 72 



(79 to 89) 



Volume of 

 wood, ex- 

 chrsivo of 

 limbs and 

 stumps. 



Cubic 

 13, 



10. 



12. 

 6, 

 4. 

 3. 



13, 



13, 

 14 

 12. 

 13. 

 10. 



feet, 



300 



000 



000 



noo 



000 



200 



224 



(100 

 298 

 024 

 027 

 800 



From these figures the capacity of the White Pine to i)roduce large amounts of valuable stem- 

 wood is apparent. Thus, on soil on which the 100-year-okl trees developed only a height of 92 

 feet, over 13,000 cubic feet of stemwood, corresponding to about (i(i,(iO0 to 70,000 feet B. M., 

 American scale, were cut per acre over and above about 1,200 cubic feet of material removed iu 

 previous thinnings. In every case the White Pine excels the common pine, and even the Spruce 

 in this respect. It should be added that most of these plantations, made in the early part of this 

 century, were not executed according to present superior methods, the sjiecies being an exotic and 

 expensive was set out more iu orchard fashion, as most planters in our country have been apt 

 to do, at distances of S, 12, aud more feet apart. Owing to this fact the development was prob- 

 ably not as satisfactory in the earlier years as it might have been had the method of close planting, 

 either pure or in mixture, prevailed. 



The superiority of growth over the German Spruce and Pine is more fully illustrated in tiie 

 following table, which shows the distribution and proportion of trees of White Pine aud Spruce 

 and of White Pine aud Scotch Pine that are found in given diameter classes in two mixed planted 

 growths of these species: 



Distribution and proportion of White Pine and Sprncc and Whitr Vine and Scotch Pine. 



It appears that nearly 32 per cent of the White Pine is over 12 inches in diameter, as against 

 less than 7 per tent of the Spruce, while 35 per cent of White Pine, as against 6.5 per cent of 

 Scotch Pine, developed over 12 inches in the mixture of these two, and over II per cent of the 

 former belongs to sizes above 14 inches, which is hardly reached at that age by its competitor. 

 These figures prove clearly that the White Pine excels the Scotch Pine even during the age of 



