102 THE TRUE GRASSES. 



between the teeth, and very long, stiff, cylindrical leaves ; 

 it yields material from which shoes, mats, ropes, etc., 

 are woven, and from which paper is manufactured ; it is 

 exported in bulk from Spain, Algiers, and Morocco, 

 especially to England. It is worthy of note that certain 

 species of Stipa act upon cows, and more especially upoo 

 horses, as narcotics. This fact is established in regard 

 to St. inebrians Hance, St. viridula Trim, and a species 

 growing in Cashmere, probably St. Sibirica Lam. 



To the genus Stipa belong a large number of groups 

 of species which may be regarded as poorly defined sec- 

 tions, which have been distinguished by some as genera ; 

 viz., Macrochloa Kunth, Aristetta Bertol., Streptachne 

 Brown (Orthoraphium Nees), Jarava Ruiz &, Pavon, 

 Lasiagrostis Link (Achnatherum Beauv.), and Ptilagrostis 

 Griseb. 



103. (110) Oryzopsis Michaux [Piptatlierum Beauv., 

 Urachne Trim (in part), Dilepyrum Rafin.). Distin- 

 guished from Stipa by its broader flowering glumes with 

 their shorter, more slender and deciduous awns ; lodi- 

 cules often only two ; epiblast of the embryo short. 



Species fifteen, in the northern temperate zones of 

 both hemispheres. Eriocoma Nutt. (Fendleria Steud.) 

 forms a section with two species, in western N. America, 

 distinguished by the long and densely haired flowering 

 glume. 



104. (110 §) Nassella Desv. Palea short, membrana- 

 ceous, nerveless ; epiblast projecting beyond the plu- 

 mule. 



Species eight, in Peru, Chili, and the Argentine Re- 

 public. 



105. (110 §) Piptochsetium Presl. Palea coriaceous, 

 its apex projecting beyond the flowering glume ; epiblast 

 large. 



Species rive, in extra-tropical South America. 



106. (Ill) Milium L. (MiliarivM Mrench). Fruiting 

 glumes strongly indurated, shining as in Panicum: pani- 

 cles diffuse. 



Species 5-6, in Europe and the temperate portions of 

 Asia, one also in North America (31. effusum L.), a forest 



