igo CYPRESSES AND JUNIPERS 



ence that calls for no undue strain of the mental 

 powers. Half of the Junipers tabulated here belong 

 to a section called the Sabinae, and the other half 

 practically to a section called the Oxycedri. Upon 

 the Sabinae group there are two forms of leaf upon 

 the same tree at an age of ten or twelve years — 

 namely, the gossamer-looking, awl-shaped, needle- 

 like, acicular young leaves, and the adult, appressed, 

 Cypress-in-appearance foliage. Unfortunately for the 

 peace of mind of many a casual observer, this golden 

 guiding rule is broken in the case of the J. Recurva 

 and its near relations, the Squamata and Procumbens, 

 and for the reason that their leaves happen to be put 

 on differently, not jointed at the base as are the 

 Oxycedri, but appressed to the stem, as is the custom 

 among the Sabinae. 



Upon the Oxycedri group there only appear the 

 juvenile and acicular representatives of leaf formation. 

 Here is a clue that divides one half of the Junipers 

 mentioned from the other half as clearly and surely 

 as ever sheep were divided from goats, and thereby 

 reduces numerically the difficulties of dissociating 

 Junipers by one-half. 



The next or second point of observation is whether 

 the leaves grow in groups or whorls of three, or in 

 pairs placed oppositely on the stem. In all the 

 Oxycedri group the leaves are found in whorls of 

 three. In the Sabinae group, the Virginiana, Sabina, 

 and Excelsa, all three are in opposite pairs, and 

 occasionally the Chinensis. In the others mentioned 

 in the table, pp. 294-295 — i.e. the Pachyphloea, 

 Phoenicia, Wallichiana — they are in whorls of three,. 



Other minor points of difference are to be sought 

 for in the length of leaf, the apex of the appressed 

 leaves, whether acute or obtuse, the margin of the 

 leaves, whether light-coloured (as in the Chinensis), 

 or without white rims (as in the J. Virginiana and 



