320 GLOSSARY 



Undulate (unda = a wave of the sea) . Waved on the surface. 



Uninodal. Vide Node. 



Valvate (valva = the leaf of a folding door) . United by the 



margins only. Meeting at the edges. Opening by 



valves like a shell. 

 Ventral. The facial or upper-leaf arrangement on stem, 



as opposed to the dorsal or lower, and also the lateral 



leaf arrangement. Vide Dorso-ventral. 

 Vertical (vertex = any point or summit) . Rising in a 



perpendicular direction. 

 Verticillatus (Verticil = diminutive of vortex) . Arranged 



round in a ring or whorl. Vide Whorls. 

 V-SHAPED. Applied to arrangement of leaves in some of the 



Abies, which leave a gap in the centre on upper side of 



branchlet, leaving a space in the shape of the letter. 

 Whorls (by form of whirl) . Where there are more than two 



growths of branchlets, flowers, or leaves, borne in a 



circle from same nodes or joints. 



