VI] BARREN AND FERTILE FLOWERS 89 
In the first (Vardus) and third examples (Cynosurus, 
Dactylis) where the spikelets are turned to one side, the 
inflorescence is said to be secund. 
The next point to notice is that not every grass has 
so many as two fertile flowers and one barren one in 
its spikelet, as the Oat has. A spikelet may have one 
(Phleum), two (Aira) or three (Avena) or more (Poa) 
fertile flowers, and no barren ones or several, the number 
of flowers being counted by the number of pairs of pales 
found inside the pair of glumes. Moreover every flower 
is not necessarily fertile (e.g. Arrhenatherum, Holcus) and 
several grasses have one or more flowers in each spikelet 
containing stamens only—male flowers—while others may 
have ovaries only—female flowers. In some exotics the 
male and female flowers are on different parts of the same 
plant (Maize) or even on different plants (Gynerium), 
an arrangement not met with in our grasses. Accordingly, 
it is of importance in determining a grass to discover how 
many flowers the spikelet contains, and whether any are 
male only, or barren, &c., as well as to make out the 
character of its inflorescence. 
In the following lists I have brought together some of 
the chief points with illustrative examples. 
SPIKELETS with only one perfect flower (without 
rudimentary ones), 
Psamma. Phleum. 
Milium. Hordeum. 
Nardus. Agrostis. 
Alopecurus. 
And species of the rare grasses Calamagrostis, Muibora, 
