54 



THE CEREALS IN AMERICA 



come principally from Russia and Algeria. The former seeiu 

 to be superior to the latter, which suggests that the best results 

 will be obtained in more northerly portions of the semiarid 

 section of this country. 



The durum wheat does not tiller as freely as common wheat. 

 The South Dakota Station recommends six pecks of seed where 

 five pecks of common wheat are used. Otherwise the culture of 

 durum wheat is similar to that of common wheat. 



85. Polish Wheat {T7\ polonicmn L). — This species may be 

 distinguished from the common varieties of wheat by the palea 

 of the lowest flower, which is half as long as the flowering glume, 

 while in the latter the palea is as long as its 

 glume. In the polish wheat the outer glumes 

 are as long or longer than any of the flowering 

 glumes, while in the common varieties the 

 Wi'livl outer glumes are shorter. The grains of polish 



wheat are large and somewhat resemble rye, 

 which accounts for the wheat being sometimes 

 called Giant or Jerusalem rye. The glumes 

 are blue-green, the spikelets rather long, close 

 to rachis, giving spike a striking appearance. 

 This wheat is cultivated somewhat in southern 

 Europe, but is ordinarily not considered pro- 

 ductive. It is believed by Carleton to be 

 adapted to the arid districts of this countr}-'. 

 It is adapted for the production of macaroni 

 but not for breadmaking. 



86. Spring and Winter Wheat. — There are 



Polish wheat. *- c • • r 1 



(One-half natural size.) Spring and wmter varieties of all the species 

 and subspecies of wheat except emmer, which 

 is a spring variety only. Linnaeus divided common wheat into 

 two separate species, calling winter wheat Tr. hybei'iiuni and 

 spring wheat Ti\ oestivum. It has been shown, however, by direct 

 experiment that winter wheat may be changed to spring wheat 



