ii6 



THE CEREALS IN AMERICA 



St. Louis the grades are Patent, Extra Fancy, Fancy, Choice 

 and Family, in which the first named indicates the whitest 

 and highest quaHty, and the last the darkest and lowest grade.^ 



174. Graham and Entire Wheat Flour. — Graham flour is 

 unbolted wheat meal, while whole wheat or entire wheat flour 

 is wheat meal from which the coarsest of the bran has been 

 removed. It contains, therefore, the embryo and perhaps some 

 portion of the aleurone layer. 



The following table gives the composition of a hard Scotch 

 fife wheat, and of graham flour, entire wheat flour and of 

 straight grade patent white flour made therefrom : ^ 



When made into bread it was found that the white flour made 

 the lightest bread (the largest loaf) and that the graham flour 

 made the smallest loaf. Expressing the digestibility of the bread 

 when fed to men in terms of available energy, it was found that 

 90.1 per cent of the white bread, 85.5 per cent of the entire 

 wheat bread and 80.7 per cent of the graham bread was digested. 

 The greater digestibility of the white flour was, in part, attrib- 

 uted to its greater fineness. The result of this and other 

 experiments indicates that while bread from graham and entire 

 wheat flour is a perfectly healthful and often desirable article of 

 diet, bread from white flour produces the largest amount of 



1 Ark. Bui. 42, p. 66. 



2 Minn. Bui. 74, p. 1 57. 



