322 THE CEREALS IN AMERICA 



the beards are removed. In order to accomplish the thorough 

 removal of beards, the grain is sometimes put through the 

 threshing machine a second time. At elevators where much 

 barley is shipped special machinery is used for thoroughly scour- 

 ing and cleaning it. 



High weight per bushel has been shown to be associated with 

 high weight per grain and consequently, other things equal, 

 greater yield. Other things equal, high weight per bushel indi- 

 cates low percentage of protein and high percentage of kernel 

 to grain ; because (i) starch has a higher specific gravity than 

 protein, and (2) kernel has a higher specific gravity than hull. 



445. Qualities for Malting. — The ability to germinate com- 

 pletely, quickly and uniformly are essential qualifications for 

 malting. Uniform ripeness, uniform size and purity of variety 

 aid uniformity of germination. The two-rowed and six-rowed 

 varieties must not be mixed, since the plump grains of the former 

 take longer to germinate than the thinner grains although thicker 

 hiills of the latter. Barley should be free from impurities, should 

 not have broken grains or be threshed too short. 



" A good brewing barley should have a thin, clean, wrinkled husk, closely ad- 

 hering to a plump, well fed kernel, which, when broken, appears white and sweet, 

 with a germ full and of a pale yellow colour. The specific gravity being between 

 1.280 and 1.333, ^^'^ weighing from 53 to 5S pounds 1 per bushel." 2 



The European maltsters almost universally prefer a mealy 

 endosperm rather than a glassy one. The higher percent- 

 age of protein decreases the percentage of starch and this 

 lowers the percentage of malt extract. In addition to this, 

 the higher percentage of protein causes a larger percentage of 

 protein in the beer. Some of the protein compounds are insolu- 

 ble at high and low temperatures but are soluble at ordinary 

 temperatures. When beer is placed upon ice these protein 



- Imperial bushel, 2,218.2 cu. in.; United States Standard (Winchester) bushel 

 a,i JC.42CU. in. 



a Quoted in Can. Expt. Farms Kpt. 1895, p. 231. 



