338 THE CEREALS IN AMERICA 



can be extracted with water. These young plants, Hke all young 

 plants, are rich in protein and as usually sold form a cheap and 

 satisfactory source of protein for milch cows. The brewers' 

 grains consist of that portion of the barley which is left after the 

 removal of the sprouts and extraction of the carbohydrates made 

 soluble through sprouting. They also form an acceptable food 

 for milch cows, although they are less nitrogenous than malt 

 sprouts. They may also be fed to fattening cattle and to horses. 

 Neither is desirable for swine on account of the crude fiber con- 

 tained. The composition of the dried forms is as follows : ^ 



Brewers* 



From one-fourth to two-thirds of the protein of the mal\ 

 sprouts may be in the form of amides. The nitrogen-free ex- 

 tract of the brewers' grains consists largely of pentosans and not 

 true starch. Barley feed, a by-product in the manufacture of 

 pearl barley, is produced in small quantities. It makes a rather 

 low grade feed. Barley screenings, when ground, form an 

 acceptable carbonaceous food. 



IV. PRODUCTION AND MARKETING. 



467. Barley Crop of the World. — The world's production of 

 barley varied during the five years 1898 to 1902 from 921 

 million (1900) to 1,177 million (1902), with an average annual 

 production of 1,013 million bushels. The following table 

 shows the average annual production of barley for five years by 

 continents in million bushels : 



» Mass. (Hatch) BuL 94. 



