342 



THE CEREALS IN AMERICA 



to some extent by both man and beast in the early colonies of 

 this country. 



Practicums. 



475. The Plant. — Each student should be given a printed or typewritten 

 sheet, as indicated below, and requested to describe two or more types or varieties, 

 as indicated. The study may be made in the field, or from fresh or dried speci- 

 mens in the laboratory. 



Height of culm : average of ten culms to tip of upper beard . . . 



Vigor of plant : strong ; medium ; weak. 



Diameter below spike : average of ten culms . . . 



Wall of culm: thick; medium; thin. 



Color of culm : light yellow ; yellow ; bronze. 



Foliage: scanty; medium; abundant. 



Rust : leaves, per cent . . . ; culms, per cent . . . 



Smut: per cent . . . 



Spike: erect; leaning; nodding. 



10. Spike: two-rowed; four-rowed; six-rowed. 



Length : average of ten spikes from lower joint 

 of rachis to tip of flowering glume (not count- 

 ing beard) of upper spikelet . . . 

 Number of joints of the rachis: average 



ten . . . 

 Number of spikelets at joint of rachis . . . 

 Number of grains per spike: average ten 



spikes . . . 

 Weight of middle and lateral grains (if six- 

 rowed) : average ten grains : middle . . . ; 

 lateral . . . 



Grobecker's grain tester. Move 

 handle of knife, b, to the right, 

 thus opening the receiver, c-a\ 

 put the barley to be tested 

 into cup, a, when, by slightly 



15- 



476. The Grain. — Furnish each student with 

 shaking the instrument, the one quart of the grain of two or more varieties of 

 grains will fill the fifty holes, barley, preferably a two-rowed, six-rowed and hull- 



Now press the knife, b, back 

 to its original position, thereby 

 cutting each grain crosswise 

 through the middle. Then 

 move handles, a and (5, aside, 

 thereby laying open part c, 

 when the number of mealy, 

 half mealy and glassy grains 

 may be counted. 



less variety. 

 I. Color of grains: light yellow; yellow; dark 



yellow. 

 Impurities : remove perfect and broken grains 



from ten grams ; weight of perfect grains 



. . . ; weight of broken grains . . . 

 Volume weight : weight per bushel obtained by 



weighing one pint . . . 



4. Specific gravity : use picnometer (203) . . . 



5. Weight : one hundred grains . . . 



6. Hull: thick; medium; thin; per cent in twenty-five grains . . , 



