8 ABIES ; OR 



branches, and a remarkable straight stem, diminishing regularly 

 from the base to the top. Timber, light, elastic, and strong. 



It is found in the coldest regions of North America, but is 

 most abundant in Lower Canada, Newfoundland, New Bruns- 

 wick, Nova Scotia, in the district of Maine, Vermont, and the 

 upper parts of New Hampshire, in Pennsylvania, on the 

 Black Mountains in South Carolina, and in California. It is 

 the Double Spruce of the Canadians, and the tree- from which 

 they make spruce beer. It has the following variety — 



Abies nigra pumila, Knight. 

 Syn. Abies nigra fastigiata, Hort. 

 „ Picea nigra fastigiata, Carriere. 

 A dwarf variety, growing 3 or 4 feet high, and rather slen- 

 derer, with smaller foliage and a more compact habit. 



No. 5. Abies obovata, Loudon, the Obovate-coned Siberian 



Spruce. 

 Syn. Pinus Abies, Pallas. 

 „ „ obovata, Antoine. 



„ „ Schrenkiana, Antoine. 



„ Picea obovata, Ledehour. 

 „ „ Schrenkiana, Fischer. 



„ „ Ajanensis, Fischer. 



„ ,, Wittmanniana, Carriere. 



„ Abies Schrenkiana, Lindley. 

 „ „ Ajanensis, Lindley. 



„ „ Wittmanniana, Hartwess. 



Leaves, solitary, partially four-sided, straight, thickly scattered 

 all round the shoots, very slender, narrow, and sharp-pointed, 

 Yo t;o \ an inch long, bright green on the upper side, and paler 

 below. Branches, numerous, horizontal, in regular whorls ; 

 branchlets very slender, pale yellow, stiff, mostly opposite, 

 straight, spreading nearly horizontal, but frequently growing 

 on the upper side ; buds very small, numerous, mostly near the 

 points of the shoots, bluntly egg-shaped, and dark brown. 

 Cones, egg-shaped, obtuse at the apex, and pendulous at the 



