14 ABIES ; OR 



and of a bright glossy green above, very easily detached by 

 wind or pressure, and almost deciduous in winter. Branches, 

 numerous, slender, and pendant. Cones, terminal, an inch long, 

 solitary, without footstalks, bluntly oval, pale brown, and fur- 

 nished at the base with several small oval, opposite, blunt scales ; 

 scales, persistent, loosely imbricated, rounded, and smooth on 

 the margins. Seeds, small, a little compressed, and angular . 

 wings, obtuse, and shorter than the scales. 



A fine tree, growing from 70 to 80 feet high, with spreading 

 branches and pendulous brittle branchlets, found in Bhotan 

 proper, occurring from 6500 to 9500 feet of elevation, a large, 

 solitary tree. Dr. Griffith measured one specimen 21 feet in 

 girth, at a height of 5 feet from the ground ; Dr. Hooker found 

 it in Sikkim, forming a narrow belt at an elevation of from 9000 

 to 10,000 feet, on the south flank of Kunchinjinga, probably the 

 loftiest peak in the world ; but in the innermost valleys, the 

 limits are from 8500 to 10,500 feet of elevation. In Nipal it is 

 called ' Changathasi-Dhoop,' a name implying that it is em- 

 ployed for incense. The Gorkhalee name is ' Thingia,' or 

 * Tingoori-suUa.' The Bhotiya one, ' Semadoong.' 



It is quite hardy, and by far the handsomest of all the Indian 

 Pines, in a native state. 



No. 11. Abies canadensis, Michaux, the Hemlock Spruce. 

 Syn. Pinus Canadensis, Willd. 

 „ „ Americana, Du Roi. 

 „ „ Abies Americana, Marsh, 

 „ Picea Canadensis, Link. 

 „ Tsuga Canadensis, Carriere. 



Leaves, solitary, flat, and irregularly disposed in two rows, 

 from half to three-quarters of an inch long, downy when young, 

 rough at the margins, blunt-pointed, bright, vivid, light green 

 on the upper surface, and with two silvery stripes underneath 

 on each side of the mid rib. Branches, numerous, slender and 

 downy when young, spreading, and rather flat. Cones, pendulous 

 on the extremities of the branches, from five-eighths to seven- 

 eighths of an inch long, and three-eighths of an inch broad, of an 



