THE JUNIPERS. 93 



This kind Is very nearly related to the Juniperus macro- 

 carpa, but differs from it in having much shorter and more 

 numerous branches, in the leaves being more dense, shorter, 

 and more glaucous, and in the berries being of a reddish brown 

 colour and scaly on the top, probably only a variety of Juniperus 

 Oxycedrus. 



It is found on the Island of Teneriffe, and Canary Islands, a 

 bush or small tree, growing about ten feet high. 



No. 3. Juniperus communis, LinncBus, the Common Juniper. 

 Syn. Juniperus minor, Fuchs. 

 „ „ vulgaris, Bauhin. 



„ ,, „ fruticosa. Duhamel. 



„ „ communis vulgaris, Loudon. 



„ „ Cracovia, Loddiges. 



Leaves, spreading, in whorls of three, narrow, sharp-pointed 

 awl-shaped and stiff; green on the under and grey on the 

 upper surface, and half an inch or more long. Berries, 

 small, roundish, marked on the top with a three-forked groove; 

 when young, bright green, but when ripe of a dark purple or 

 blackish blue, covered with a bloom, and continuing two years 

 on the bush ; they are stalkless, and grow from the axil of the 

 leaves ; branches spreading and inclining equally on all sides ; 

 bark, reddish brown. 



This Juniper grows in favourable situations from twelve to 

 eighteen feet high, and is common in all the northern parts of 

 Europe, both on hills and valleys, in open sandy plains, or in 

 moist and close woods ; on the sides of hills it grows tall, but 

 on the tops of rocky mountains it is only a dwarf-trailing shrub. 

 In England it is chiefly found on open downs, in a chalky or 

 sandy soil. It occurs very generally on the Alps, from east to 

 west, and from the foot to a height of 5,000 feet '; also on the 

 Apennines at the same elevation as the Alps, and occurs in the 

 whole of the north of Europe, as far as Lapland, and is found, 

 according to Mr. Bentham, on the Pyrenees. Those plants 

 referred to this species by writers as being found in North 



