THE JUNIPERS. Ill 



less acute, inflexed at the point as if obtuse ; the withered ones 

 persistent, with very long points, and adhering to the branches 

 like scales. Branches, numerous, creeping, and a little set up 

 at the points ; branchlets, stiff, very numerous, and thickly 

 covered all over with foliage. Berries, ovate-obtuse, or ovate- 

 oblong, very glossy, varying from light-blue to nearly black, 

 one-seeded, with three or four opposite scales about the centre, 

 and two small ones near the top, which is umbilicate and fur- 

 rowed ; on old plants the upper branches have closely-imbri- 

 cated, cypress-like leaves, while on the lower branches of young 

 plants they are in whorls of three, linear and lanceolate, acute, 

 stiif, more or less spreading, green on the upper side, white 

 below, but varying in some so as to leave both sides of the 

 foliage bright green. 



A large decumbent, much-branched shrub, growing four or 

 five feet high, in Nepal, and on the Bhotan Alps. In Cashmere 

 and the adjacent regions it is common at all great elevations, 

 particularly on the Indian face of the Himalayas from 11,000 

 to 13,000 feet. It is also common on the snowy ranges of 

 Kamaoon and Gurhwal, and penetrates into the heart of the 

 Himalayas, to ' Rimkin,' at an elevation of 14,500 feet, its 

 upper limits is 15,000 feet, and its lowest 9,000 feet, but is in 

 greatest abundance between 12,000 and 13,000 feet. It also 

 grows on the Choor mountains, where it forms extensive beds, 

 overlaying the high, tabular masses of granite, which occur on 

 or near the top, at an elevation of 12,000 feet, where it has the 

 form of a large creeping bush, covered with its large, glossy, 

 purplish-black fruit, which is well tasted, having but little bitter 

 in them, and a single seed. It is the ' Pama,' or ' Pudma,' of 

 Upper Kamaoon and the Himalayas, and the ' Googgul ' of 

 Cashmere, a word meaning incense, also the bastard or creeping 

 Cedar of travellers. 

 ^ It is quite hardy. 



