THE TRUE PINES. 201 



viz., in perhaps one half of the whole number of P. longifolia 

 in Kamaoon, there consists a spiral arrangement of the bark and 

 woody fibre, the coils being sometimes as much compressed and 

 curled as those of an ordinary corkscrew ; and in some instances 

 the stem itself is contorted. The chips are used for candles in 

 India, and are called ' Chamshing ' (night-lights) ; and, accord- 

 ing to Dr. Hooker, ink is made in Sikkim from the charcoal of 

 the burnt leaves mixed with rice-water. 



This is called ' Cheer ' by the hill people in India ; a word, 

 according to some, meaning ' Bark,' or ' Rind,' so conspicuous 

 on old trees ; but, according to others, from its milk or turpen- 

 tine, which it produces in great abundance. It is called * Sulla ' 

 by the mountain people from Nepal to Busehur, a term de- 

 noting ' to spread fragrance,' which this tree does to a remark- 

 able extent. 



Timber excellent, and full of turpentine ; but the trees are 

 too tender for an ordinary English winter ; some, however, are 

 hardier than others, which, no doubt, arises from the locality 

 and elevation where the seeds were gathered, — certainly not 

 from any specific distinction. 



No. 37. PiNUS MACROCARPA, Lindley, Dr. Coulter's Pine. 

 Syn. Pinus Coulteri, Don. 

 „ „ Sabiniana macrocarpa, Hort. 

 „ „ Sabina Coulteri, Loudon. 



Leaves, in threes, stout, and rather stiflP, from ten to twelve 

 inches long, and of a glaucous grey colour, ribbed on the inner 

 side, rather flat, incurved, pointed, and compressed ; sheaths, 

 ragged, thready, persistent, one inch and a half long on the 

 young leaves, but much shorter and torn on the old ones. 

 Branches, stout, rather distant, but regularly placed in whorls 

 on the stem, nearly horizontal, slightly elevated towards the 

 extremities, and tinged with violet on the young shoots. Cones, 

 conical-oblong, tapering to the point, solitary, very large, twelve 

 to fourteen inches long, and six inches broad, very hard, smooth, 

 pale yellow, with a polished surface, and frequently weighing 



