102 THE CHINESE SUGAR CANE. 
leading to the juice tank. In cattle mills this gutter is 
put under ground, so that the cattle may pass over it 
without obstruction. Attached to the upper part of the 
center roller may be seen a cast iron cross-head with 
sockets, into which wooden bars are fitted, to which are 
harnessed the oxen, mules, or horses, as the case may be. 
Large mills of this kind, require sixteen oxen. 
The frame of the mill being of wood, it necessarily 
gives somewhat to the extreme strain upon it, conse- 
quently the canes are never so thoroughly crushed as 
with the iron frame mill, but the juice, though less 
in quantity, is invariably better in quality. The reason 
for this is, that the tissues of the cane not being so com- 
pletely broken up, as in the former case, less of the 
albuminous and extractive matter is obtained in the 
operation ; the juice is purer, clarifies easily, and makes 
very bright sugar, commanding an advanced price. It 
is a question, however, whether the advance in price 
which such sugar generally commands, makes up for the 
loss in the quantity of the juice, which the employment 
of the cattle mill necessarily entails. 
SMALL TWO ROLLER MILL. 
A small two roller vertical mill, suitable for farmers 
planting one or two acres of sorgho, and which may be driy- 
en by two men, or one horse or mule is shown at Figure 
13. This little mill is fastened securely in the ground by 
means of its uprights, which renders it convenient for 
farmers. 
