SUGAR AND SUGAR MAKING. 107 
The vacuum pan is merely a closed metallic vessel, hav- 
ing a coil of steam pipe in the bottom, and a condenser 
to condense the steam as fast as it rises, while an air- 
pump removes the atmospheric pressure and water of 
condensation. ‘This pan is shown in elevation at Fig. 
16, of which A is the pan; B, the belt; C, the cover, or 
i 
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E C 
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H 
fig. 1. 
dome; D, the cap and collar; E, the condenser, to which 
a cold water pipe is attached at K, while the condenser 
~ discharges at L, connecting by another pipe with the air 
pump, which is worked by water power or steam engine. 
Fis the discharge valve, or gate; G, a barometer, to 
show the extent of the vacuum, and a thermometer to 
indicate the heat of the pan; H is an eye glass, another 
being on the opposite side of the dome, for the purpose 
of observing the ebullition of the “charge;” Tis a small 
cup-faucet, or grease-cock, to introduce a little oil when 
