162 THE CHINESE SUGAR CANE. 
By means of stills without columns or separators, low 
wines only are made with advantage. ‘These are named 
in contradiction to high wines above 65°. 
The stills hitherto represented have been of the inter- 
mittent kind, but in the cut on the opposite page a con- 
tinuous brandy or alcohol distillery is shown. These stills 
have a continuous stream of spent wash running out at 
the bottom, while a corresponding stream of live wash 
runs in at the top. They are rather expensive, and re- 
quire some practice to operate. 
The apparatus represented in the cut is on the princi- 
ple of Durosne & Cail, of France, who got it up some 
years ago for the purpose of distilling brandy from wine. 
It is extensively used in France, and there are a few in 
use in the United States. I refrain from any description 
of this still, as it would be too tedious, and perhaps, after 
all, prove incomprehensible in mere words. Suffice it to 
say that it yields a pure spirit, and of any required proof 
under 95°. 
To planters and farmers, many of whom will doubtless 
this year order distilleries and other apparatus for their 
various operations on sugar, I would advise that they 
stipulate beforehand with the manufacturer, for a full 
written description of the proper mode of erecting and 
working each apparatus, otherwise there will be trouble 
and expense before it is finished. 
One half of the failures in apparatus on sugar estates, 
are owing in the first place, to the mechanic who under- 
takes to make a machine or a distillery, while, in the 
meantime, he is ignorant of the first principles of the pur- 
pose to which such still or machine is to be applied; and 
