APPLICATION OF LOVERING’S PROCESS. 23 
Consequently, the degree of density indicated by the saccharometer is 
an index of the proportion of sugar, &c., contained in the juice. 
It is simply a hollow tube terminating in a bulb, loaded with shot; 
to keep the bulb down and the tube upright. Floating in pure water, 
the tube, at the point where it appears above the surface, marks 0. 
But in proportion as the liquid is heavier, the bulb does not sink so 
deep, and more of the tube appears above the surface. The density 
of the Sorgho juice, cold, is about 10° Beaumé, so called from Beaumé, 
the inventor. 
If your kettles or moulds are of iron, give them two good coats of 
white paint inside, drying each coat thoroughly. This prevents the 
sugar from being made dark by contact with iron, which will be the 
case if the slightest acid be present. Before using them, scald them 
thoroughly twice, letting boiling water stand in them until cold, to 
remove the taste of the paint. 
NECESSARY UTENSILS, MACHINERY, &c. 
1. A thermometer marking 250° Fahrenheit. One without a case, 
or which can be removed from the case. 
2. A saccharometer, or Pesé Sirop, scale of Beaumé. 
You had better get two of both the above, to provide against accident. 
3. A few sheets of litmus paper. 
4. Two kettles of copper, brass, or iron, holding twenty-five gallons 
each ; one of these may be smaller than the other, but if so, should be 
as large a diameter, only shallower. 
5. Three, or more, large iron sugar moulds, holding twelve gallons 
each. Ifyou cannot get the sugar moulds, three long, narrow twelve 
gallon kegs will answer. 
6. Three five gallon pots of glazed earthen or stone ware, with 
mouths somewhat smaller than the caps of the sugar moulds. If you 
use kegs instead of moulds you can use pails instead of pots. 
7. A barrel of granulated (not pulverized) bone black, such as is 
used by sugar refiners. ~ 
8. Four ten gallon tubs. (Two water-tight whiskey or cider bar- 
rels, sawed across the center, will answer.) 
9. A yard of thick heavy bed ticking. 
