CONTENTS xi 



CHAPTER VIII 



Enemies of Coniferous Trees 



PAGE 



Insects. — Pine beetle — Pine weevil — Bostrichus typographus 

 — Pine shoot moths — Pine sawfly — Wireworms — Larch 

 miner — Larch sawfly — Wood wasps — Sprucegall aphis — 

 Pissodes notata . . . . . . . .256 



Fungi 267 



Animals. — Hares and rabbits — Squirrel — Rat — Mouse — Vole 277 



Birds. — Blackgame — Crossbill — Bullfinch — Capercailzie . 277 



CHAPTER IX 

 Variability of Coniferous Trees 284 



INDEX 289 



