76 CONIFEROUS TREES 



The berries, which are usually produced singly at 

 the branch tips, are smaller than those of our 

 native species. The wood is readily worked, 

 highly fragrant, and, when more plentiful than it 

 is at present, was largely used in the manufacture 

 of lead pencils. A free and light soil and half- 

 shady situation suit it best. 



J. CALiFORNiCA, Carrier 6. (Synonyms : J. 

 tetragona osteosperma, Torrey ; J. tetragona. 

 Cooper ; J. occidentalis, Gordon.) Utah, Arizona, 

 California. 1839. — According to soil and situation 

 this species varies considerably, sometimes occur- 

 ring as a far-spreading, bush-like specimen, while 

 at others it ascends to nearly 30 feet in height. 

 The foliage, too, at different stages of growth, 

 varies greatly, the leaves on the younger plants 

 being usually sharp - pointed, and arranged in 

 threes, whereas in after years they are short, 

 blunt, and imbricated. It grows best in sandy 

 soil. In the absence of fruit it is difficult to dis- 

 tinguish the present species from the better-known 

 and more generally cultivated /. occidentalis. 

 The berries of the latter are not unlike those of 

 our native species, while in /. calif or nica they are 

 larger, the berry being dry and containing only one 

 seed, the stony coating of which is harder than 

 that of any other species of my acquaintance. It 

 is of tree -like growth, with thickly arranged 

 branches and silvery greyish leaves, but it has no 

 special recommendation for ornamental planting. 

 The growth, even under the most favourable con- 

 ditions, is remarkably slow. 



J. CALIFORNICA UTAHENSis is of low-sprcadiug 

 growth, with stout short branchlets, and an easy 



