ENEMIES OF CONIFEROUS TREES 275 



our English commons and downs. In spring, soft 

 gelatinous spore masses are produced on these 

 knobs. It spreads with great rapidity, and would 

 seem to have been on the increase of late years, 

 as in the midland and southern English counties, 

 large extents of juniper have been almost totally 

 destroyed by its ravages during the past twelve 

 months. When badly attacked with the fungus, 

 the plants wear a rusty, meagre appearance, and 

 gradually die off with the increase of the disease. 

 I have counted as many as seven of these woody 

 swellings on a branch only 4 feet in length, and 

 on a single bush hardly exceeding 8 feet in spread 

 I counted thirty-seven. To the Irish Juniper (/. 

 commimis fastigiata) the disease likewise extends. 

 By cutting off the affected shoots, and dressing 

 those on the main stems with fir tree oil, much 

 good has been brought about. 



Several species of Pinus, particularly P. 

 Pinaster, P. Strobus, P. excelsa, P. sylvestris, and 

 P. montana, are attacked by Trametes radiciperda, 

 the mycelium of which causes the roots and other 

 attacked portions rapidly to decay. In replanting 

 ground from which diseased trees have been 

 removed, the greatest care should be exercised 

 that every portion of the old stump and roots 

 are taken from the ground, the mycelium travel- 

 ling very rapidly from root to root. The Alaska 

 cypress [Cupressiis nootkatensis) has been killed 

 outright by the mycelium of Trametes, the disease 

 not only affecting the roots, but the stem and 

 branches. In one particular case the cause was 

 distinctly traced to a piece of plank that by 

 mistake had been left in the soil, and with which 



