28 GRASSES OF IOWA. 



short-awned, narrow glume, which usually encloses a smaller one, 

 rarely a staminate flower. Pedicel a little shorter than the sessile 

 spikelet, flattened and broader above, spreading when dry; pilose 

 along the edges, the hairs increasing in length above. Sessile spikelet 

 narrow, lanceolate, appressed to the rachis, 3 to 5 lines (6-10 mm.) long; 

 first glume rigid, herbaceo-chartaceous, sharply two-keeled with narrow 

 strongly inflexed margins, keels scabrous; second glume about the length 

 of the first, lanceolate, acuminate, or short-awned, one-nerved, scabrous 

 on the keel and more or less ciliate on the margins; third glume deep 

 purple or violet, the infolded margins ciliate on the edge; fourth a little 

 shorter, than the third, narrowly oblong, ciliate along the margins, more 

 or less deeply bifid at the apex and awned between the acute divisions; 

 awn 4 to 9 lines (8-18 mm.) long, with closely twisted basal portion 

 (the column) barely exceeding the outer glumes. The grass is com- 

 mon throughout the state, especially on gravelly hills and upland prairies. 

 Abundant on the loess bluffs along the Missouri river. A valuable 

 forage plant. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



Iowa. Plymouth County (Brown) ; Cedar Rapids (Pammel) ; 

 Lansing 3161 (Miss King) ; Sioux City 107 (Miss Wakefield) ; Kos- 

 suth County 1022, Sioux City, Eagle Grove, Carroll, Des Moines 

 705, Cedar Rapids, Dakota City, Turin, De Witt 1461, Carnarvon 

 294, South Dakota opposite Hawarden, Iowa, Columbus Junction 

 1 5 18 (Pammel) ; Ledyard 759 (Pammel and Cratty) ; Mt. Pleasant 

 864 (Mills) ; Ames, Greenfield, Stewart, Ames (Bessey, Beardslee and 

 Hitchcock) ; Winterset 266, Des Moines (Carver) ; Ames 911 (Ball) ; 

 Mt. Ayr 641 (Beard) ; Creston 1012 (Bettenga) ; Carroll 1019 

 (Simon) ; Wilton (Hitchcock) ; Belknap 823 (Rankin) ; Muscatine 

 (Reppert) ; Lyon County 48 (Shimek) ; Bartlett 780 (Baldwin) ; 

 Charles City 834 (Anderson) ; Fayette 1086 (Fink) ; Ft. Dodge 

 2221 (Pammel and Sokol) ; Myron (Miss King) ; Lyon County 

 (Shimek) ; Iowa City (Preston) ; Ames (Hitchcock) ; Iowa City (Miss 

 Linder) ; Plymouth and Woodbury Counties (O. F. Brown) ; Carn- 

 forth (Pammel) ; Mason City (Pammel) ; Steamboat Rock, Pine 

 Creek (Miss King) ; Slater (Fawcett) ; State Center (Pammel) ; Mil- 

 ford (Shimek) ; Steamboat Rock (Shimek). 



North America. New England south to Florida, Georgia, Alabama 

 and Tennessee; northwest to Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa; south 

 to Missouri and Texas (College Sta., Pammel), Colorado (Ft. Col- 



