GRASSES OF IOWA. 277 



narrow, usually scabrous, short-awned or nearly awnless flowering 

 glumes i! to i\ lines (3-5 mm.) long. May to August. 



Festuca octoflora is common in sandy soil and on gravelly knolls 

 in all parts of the state. Very variable as to size. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



Ioiva. Greenfield (Stewart) ; 131 Ames, 1363 Cordova, Jeffer- 

 son ( ( Carver) ; 1300 Cordova (Pammel) ; Lyon County, Johnson 

 County, 1 Cedar Rapids (Shimek) ; Des Moines (Carver) ; 103 1 Har- 

 court (Danielson) ; Iowa City (Hitchcock) ; Sioux City (Miss Wake- 

 field) ; Winterset (Carver) ; Ames (Crozier, Hitchcock, Bessey) ; 

 Hamilton County to Hancock County (Preston) ; Johnson County 

 (Shimek, Macbride, Hitchcock) ; Cedar Rapids, Lyon County northwest 

 corner of state (Shimek) ; Johnson County (Miss Linder). 



North America. From Ohio (Baltimore Horr; Lancaster Sulli- 

 vant), South Carolina (Pickens County, Anderson), to Florida, Illinois 

 (Mead; Red Bud and Lake View, Pammel), Wisconsin (La Crosse, 

 Pammel). Minnesota (Carmen County, Sandberg), Nebraska (70 

 Alma, 394 and 406 McCook, 369 Grand Island, Crete, Pammel), 

 Missouri (Crystal City, Pammel), Texas (Coleman), Arkansas (Har- 

 vey), Colorado (Ft. Collins, Denver and Golden, Pammel), Wyoming 

 (New Castle, Pammel), Utah (1606, 886 and 885 Black's Fork and 

 La Motte Peak), Utah and Arizona (Palmer), Idaho (Lewiston, 

 Sandberg, Heller and McDougal), California (Parry). 



2. FESTUCA RUBRA. 



Festuca rubra L . Sp. PI. 74. 1753. Nash in Britton and Brown. 111. 

 PI. 1: 216. /. 499. 



DESCRIPTION. 



Red Fescue Grass. Erect, smooth and glabrous, from under- 

 ground root-stocks. Culms simple, ii to 2\ feet (4.5-7.5 dm.) tall. 

 Sheaths shorter than the internodes; ligule very short, truncate; culm 

 leaves finely pubescent above, short, erect; basal leaves involute, 3 to 6 

 inches (7-14 cm.) long. Panicle often reddish, expanded when in 

 flower, contracted in fruit, 2 to 5 inches (5-12 cm.) in length. Spike- 

 lets 4 to 6 lines (2-3 mm.) long, three to ten-flowered. The lower 



