INTRODUCTION 15 



Section 

 Leaves needle-like in clusters or whorls (Figs. 63, 85) . I 

 Le<avcs linear or necdlc-like, not in clusters or whorls, often 

 in two ranks. Buds and leaf scars usually conspic- 

 uous (Figs. 13, 80) II 



Leaves flat, linear, yew-like, often in two ranks, 1 in. or 

 less long. Buds and leaf scars usually inconspicuous 



(Fig. 8) Ill 



Leaves fiat, linear, often two ranked, more than 1 in. long 



(Fig. 3) IV 



Leaves small, scale-like (Figs. 46, 112) . . . . V 



Leaves awl-shaped, strongly keeled or curved (Fig. 34) . VI 

 Leaves broad, ovate (Fig. 35) . . . . . VII 



Leaves needle-like in clusters or whorls. Buds and leaf scars 

 usually conspicuous. 

 Leaves 2, 3, or 5 in a cluster.— Pinus (Figs. 83, 84, 92). 

 Leaves arranged in two ways, scattered on long shoots and 

 in rosettes on short shoots. 

 Leaves soft, deciduous. 



Bud scales, long, slender. Pseudolarix (Fig. 102). 

 Bud scales short, closely pressed. — Larix (Fig. 65). 

 Leaves stiff, evergreen. — Cedrus (Fig. 34). 

 Leaves (double needles), 2-4 in. long, arranged in whorls like 

 umbrella ribs. — Sciadopitys (Fig. 106). 



II 



Leaves needle-like or linear, not clustered. 

 Plants usually seen as trees. 



Branches on main trunk not whorled, leaves with a 

 distinct stalk pressed against the shoot. — Tsuga 

 (Fig. 114). 

 Branches on main trunk usually whorled, leaves indis- 

 tinctly stalked or sessile. 

 Leaf scars peg-like. Cones pendulous with persistent 



scales. — Picea (Fig. 69). 

 Leaf scars disc-like. Cones erect with deciduous scales. 



—Abies (Fig. 13). 

 Leaf scars slightly prominent, bright-coloured. FoHage 

 fragrant when rubbed. Cones with persistent 

 scales. Bracts trident-like. — Pseudotsuga (Fig. 103). 

 Plants usually seen as shrubs. 



Leaves sjjreading, small, needle-like, i-| in. long, opposite 

 or in whorls of three, whitened on upper surface. — ■ 

 Juniperus (Fig. 55). 



