S4 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS. 



usually 3-4 together, in cones I in. long and wide, crimson when 

 mature. Seeds small with a minute point. 



Found in alpine regions in both the North and South Islands 

 of New Zealand and discovered by Mr. Bidwill on Tongariro, 

 Timber too small for important uses. 



T. Kirk, For. FL of New Zeal 199 (1889) ; Cheeseman, Man. New Zeal. Fl. 

 659 (1906). 



Phyllocladus glaucus, Carriere. 

 The Toatoa. 



Phyllocladus trichomanoides, var. glauca. 



A handsome tree 20-40 ft. high, with a trunk 3-4^ ft. in girth. 

 Branches short, stout, usually in whorls. True leaves thin, flat, 

 recurved, |^-f in. long, about \ in. wide. Cladodes of two kinds, 

 those on the main stem solitary, fan -shaped, shortly stalked, with 

 coarsely toothed margins. Elsewhere they are in whorls resemb- 

 ling pinnate leaves 5-12 in. long, with 9-17 leaflets, the terminal 

 leaflet or segment the largest ; they are usually smaller than those 

 of the main stem ; glaucous, thick in texture, |-2 in. long, up to 

 1^ in. wide, variable in shape, often diamond- or fan-hke, with the 

 margins coarsely toothed or deeply lobed. Male and female floivers 

 on different trees. Male flowers in narrow, cylindrical, stalked 

 catkins |-1 in. long, in clusters of 10 or more near the points of 

 the shoots. Female floivers displacing cladodes on the lower 

 part of a shoot. Cones about |-| in. long and ^| in. wide, on 

 stalks about I in. long. Seeds small, 10-20 to a cone. 



P. glaucus has a limited distribution and is chiefly found in the 

 Auckland district of New Zealand from sea-level to an altitude of 

 nearly 3,000 ft. 



Wood white, straight-grained, easy to work, strong, tough, 

 and elastic, with rather similar characters to yew. It is, however, 

 too scarce to be of much commercial value. 



Kirk, loc. cit. 195 ; Cheeseman, loc. cit. 658. 



Phyllocladus hypophyllus, Hooker fil. 



A small and very variable tree 6-35 ft. high, with stout, whorled 

 branches. Cladodes glaucous, very variable in size and shape. 

 Lateral cladodes spirally arranged, |-3^ in. long and up to \\ in. 

 wide, on stalks ^| in. long ; ovate, obovate, or fan-shaped, 

 margins irregularly and coarsely crenate or serrate, except towards 

 the base, or deeply lobed, the margins thickened and the apex 

 often divided into two large lobes. Terminal cladodes pinnately 

 arranged on a central axis, produced in whorls, and the individ- 

 uals usually smaller than the lateral cladodes. Male catkins in 

 clusters ; narrow, cylindrical, on slender staHis nearly 1 in. long. 

 Female flowers as in P. glaucus. Seeds about ,\ in. long, oval, 

 flattened at front and back, the base set in a shallow cup. 



