100 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFER.E 



A. firma is readily distinguished by its grooved shoots, bright 

 green leathery leaves, each leaf being tipped by two horny points. 



This is the only fir found in S. Japan where it is widely distri- 

 buted, attaining a large size in the plains and ascending to an 



Fig. 11.— ABIES FIRMA. 



a, spray from above ; b, resinoiis winter buds ; c, under surface of leaves and shoot ; d, leaf in section, 

 showing both marginal and median resin canals. 



altitude of 7,000 ft. It is one of the principal trees in the primitive 

 forests in S. Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku.^ 



The wood resembles that of A. jiectinata and is one of the 



'^Forestry of Japan ; Bureau of Forestrj^ Tokyo, 29 (1910) ; Clinton-Baker, 

 must. Conif. ii, 12 (1909); Wils., Conif. oj Japan, 54 (1916). 



