PINACE^ 109 



or curving upwards, those on the upper side of the shoot slightly 

 shorter than those on the lower ; greyish, glaucous or pale green 

 in colour, up to 2.^ in. long and about ,'.j in. broad, strongly twisted 

 at the base, flat, rounded, and slightly notched at the tip, furrowed 

 on the upper surface with lines of stomata in the furrows ; lower 

 surface with two white bands of stomata ; resin canals marginal. 

 Cones resembling those of A. concolor, but in cultivated specimens 

 they are chestnut brown and not purple, as is sometimes the case 

 in A. concolor. 



A. Lounana is regarded by many American botanists as a 

 variety of A. concolor, but the two trees are easily distinguished, 

 in cultivation, as mentioned under the latter species. As a wild 

 tree A. Lowiana is said to have shorter and paler green leaves 

 than A. concolor,^ but this is not noticeable in cultivation. 



This species occurs as a native tree on the Siskiyou Mountains 

 in S. Oregon, on Mount Shasta and the Sierra Nevada ranges in 

 California. It was introduced by Wm. Lobb in 1851 and is often 

 grown under the name of A. lasiocarpa. 



Wood and uses similar to A. concolor, which see. 



Under cultivation in Britain A. Loiviana forms a handsome 

 tree of fairly rapid growth. The best results are obtained in 

 the West of England, Wales, Ireland and in Scotland, the drier 

 eastern counties being rather less favourable for its development. 

 When planted in good soil, however, where soil and climatic 

 conditions afford regular moisture, it may be expected to thrive. 

 Fine specimens exist in many gardens. Generally, the conditions 

 suitable for A. concolor meet the requirements of A. Lowiana. 

 Seedling trees may show some degree of variation in habit and 

 leafage. 



A tree at Linton Park, near Maidstone, when measured by 

 one of us in 1922, was over 100 ft. high. 



EIwos and Henry, loc. cit. iv, 779 (1909). 



Abies magnifica, A. Murray. (Fig. 20.) 

 Californian Red Fir. 



Abies campylocarpa, A. Murray ; Picea magnifica, Gordon ; Pinus 

 arnabilis, Parlatore [in part]. Great Red Fir ; Magnificent Fir ; Red 

 Fir ; Red Bark Fir. 



A tree attaining in America a height of 200 ft. and a girth 

 of 12-25 ft., with a narrow, cone-shaped crown, composed of 

 numerous horizontal tiers of branches which are very short and 

 slender in proportion to the height and girth of trunk. Bark of 

 young trees smooth ; of old trees 2 in. or more thick and divided 

 into ridges by deep fissures. Young shoots smooth, clothed with 

 short, reddish-brown down. Winter huds more or less hidden 



^ Sudworth, The Spruce and Balsam Fir Trees of the Rocky Mountain Region, 

 34 (1916). 



