PINACEiE 111 



by the leaves at the tips of the shoots, small, ovoid or globose, 

 resinous at the tip, the outer scales elongated and free. Leaves 

 on the lower side of the shoot arranged horizontally, spreading 

 right and left, those on the upper side curving upwards, their 

 bases pressed against the shoot ; greyish or glaucous-green, up 

 to 1] in. long and y\- in. broad, obscurely four-sided, apex 

 rounded and entire ; upper surface with a central ridge and 

 several rows of stomata ; lower surface with two bands of stomata, 

 resin canals marginal. Cones large, cylindrical, slightly tapering 

 at the apex, G-9 in. long, 3-5 in. wide, violet-purple when growing, 

 brown when mature ; scales downy, fan-shaped, Ij-ll in. broad, 

 1 in. long, claw nearly \ in. long ; bracts about | as long as the 

 scale, with a small point at the apex. Seed about \ in. long, 

 with a wing little exceeding that length, 



Var. shastensis, Lemmon. 

 Shasta Red Fir. 



Abies shastensis, Lemmon ; A, nobilis, var. robust a, Masters. 

 A tree rarely exceeding 125 ft, high and 9 ft. in girth. Bark 

 of young trees chalky-white ; of old trees purplish-brown, 2-3 

 in. thick, deeply fissured into zigzag sections. Winter buds sharp- 

 pointed, light chocolate-brown, non-resinous, about I in. long. 

 Leaves more or less curved, I-I4- in. long, four-sided, those on the 

 higher parts of the tree shorter and more distinctly angled than 

 those lower down. Cones shorter than in A. magnifica, 4|-5| in. 

 long by 2|-3 in. in diameter. Scale-bracts longer in proportion 

 than those of A. magnifica, protruding beyond the scales and 

 reflexed. Pacific slope region. Rare in cultivation. 



Sudworth, The Spruce and Balsam Fir Trees of the Rocky Mountain Regions, 

 38-42 (1916). 



Var. xanthocarpa, Lemmon. 



Golden Fir. 



A smaller tree than the type with cones 4-5 in. long, which are 

 golden diu-ing the growing period. Probably not in cultiva,tion. 

 Found in the high sub-alpine regions of Mount Shasta and Mount 

 Whitney. 



A. magnifica is distinguished from all firs except A. nobilis 

 by its narrow, conical habit, glaucous foliage, and peculiar 

 curve of the leaves on the upper side of the shoot. From A. 

 nobilis it may be known by the absence of a groove on the upper 

 side of the leaves, which are thicker and less flattened than in the 

 latter species. They are also less crowded on the shoot which is 

 visible from above. 



It is a native of the mountains of Oregon and California and 

 is common (particularly as represented by vars, shastensis and 



