150 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERiE 



red wood exists. It is known as Dakua wood and is used for masts, 

 booms, and spars, for flooring houses, and for most of the uses 

 to which pine is put in the northern hemisphere. Resin, fossil 

 and recent, is obtained, and it is used by the natives for glazing 

 pots, etc. Recent resin is white, fossil resin being yellowish 

 or light brown and transparent. The resin is exported for use 

 in varnishes, etc., whilst, in addition to pottery glazing, the natives 

 use it for burning as torches, and a dye obtained from the smoke 

 is used for dyeing native cloth black. This smoke dye mixed with 

 red earth is also said to make a brown pigment, which, amongst 

 other uses, is employed for tattooing women. 



A specimen of the tree may be seen in the Temperate House at 

 Kew. 



Botanical Magazine, t. 8512 (1913). 



AR AUG ARIA, Jussieu. 



Evergreen trees confined to the southern hemisphere and 

 occurring in S. America, Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, 

 the New Hebrides, and Norfolk Island. 



Young trees symmetrical, clothed with branches from base to 

 summit ; old trees with the trunks clear of branches for the greater 

 part of their height, surmounted by flat, ragged heads. Bark 

 resinous, thick on old trees, ridged with the bases of old leaves, 

 or, in some species, rough and peeling off in papery scales. 

 Branches horizontal, usually in whorls. Young shoots green, 

 without down, some of the axillary shoots deciduous. Buds 

 indistinct, enclosed by leaves. Leaves persisting for many years, 

 spirally arranged, clasping the stem and overlapping, or thrown 

 into two or more ranks by means of a basal twist ; lance-shaped, 

 flat, up to 2 in. long, leathery, sharp-pointed, or awl-shaped and 

 four-angled or triangular, varying in size and shape on different 

 parts of the same tree. Male and female flowers usually borne 

 on different trees, but sometimes on different branches of the 

 same tree. Male catkins dense, cylindrical, solitary or in clusters 

 from the points of the branches, or from axillary buds, consisting 

 of numerous spirally arranged stamens. Cones ripening in two or 

 three years, globular, with numerous woody, closely overlapping 

 scales which fall when the seeds are mature. Seeds one on each 

 scale and adherent to it, winged on each edge in most species. 

 Cotyledons usually two or four. 



The genus is naturally marked out into two sections, character- 

 ized as follows : — 



A. Colymhea. — Leaves flat, broad. Cones large. Cotyledons 

 remain below ground in germination. Includes A. imbricata, A. 

 Bidivillii, A. hrasiliana. 



B. Eutassa. — Leaves awl-shaped, curved. Cones relatively 



