220 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFER.^ 



the conifer most often met with in one or other of its many 

 forms. 



The timber appears to be less valued in Japan than that of 

 C. ohtusa, although it is very similar in appearance and suitable 

 for general carpentry. Wood grown in this country works well, 

 and is fragrant and white in colour. It is used in Japan for doors, 

 boxes, and bent wood articles. 



As a garden plant this species and its varieties thrive through- 

 out the greater part of the country, except in very cold and 

 wind swept areas. It succeeds in any good garden soil, but is 

 unsuitable for smoky towns. The varieties are easily increased 

 by cuttings or by grafting upon stocks of the type. It has no 

 value for sylvicultural purposes in Britain. 



Wilson, Conifers of Japan, 78 (1916). 



Cupressus sempervirens, Linnaeus. (Fig. 46.) 

 Mediterranean Cypress. 



Cupressus lugubris, Salisbiu-y ; C. patula, Spadoni ; C. Toiu-nefortii, 

 Auclibert. 



A tree of spreading habit like that of a cedar, or with erect 

 branches nearly parallel to the stem. In the Mediterranean 

 region it attains an immense size and age, trees up to 150 ft. high 

 and 10 ft. in girth being known. Bark thin, smooth, greyish- 

 brown, lightly fissured. Branchlets alternate, tripinnate, irregu- 

 larly spreading, the ultimate divisions four-angled, about oV in. 

 in diameter. Leaves in four equal ranks, closely pressed, blunt, 

 often marked on the back with a longitudinal furrow. Male 

 flowers yellow, about \ in. long, stamens in about 10 pairs. Female 

 flowers globose, \ in. wide. Cones sub-globose or ovoid, on short- 

 curved stalks, 1-1^ in. long, shining brown or greyish ; scales 

 8-14, rising to a point in the centre or flattened with a thin ridge- 

 like process. Seeds 8-20 on each scale, about \ in, long, winged, 

 without resin tubercles. 



Var. horizontalis, Gordon. 



Branches spreading out flat like a Lebanon cedar. Common in 

 the wild state. 



Var. indica, Parlatore. 



C. Whitleyana, Carriere ; C. Doniana, Royleana and australis, Koch. 

 Habit stiff and fastigiate, cones globose. 



Var. stricta, Alton. 



C. pyramidalis, Targioni-Tozzeti ; C. fastigiata, De CandoUe ; var. 

 pyramidalis, Nyman ; var. fastigiata, Hansen. 



Branches erect, giving the tree a pyramidal or columnar out- 

 line. This form is often cultivated in gardens in S. Europe. 



