222 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



cemeteries. In S. Europe it lives to a great age, some trees being 

 at least 500 years old. 



Wood yellow or light brown, moderately hard, close-grained, 

 with very narrow medullary rays, fragrant, easily worked, and very 

 durable. It has long been used for building purposes and for 

 furniture. In S. Europe, and particularly in Italy, it has been 

 much used for family clothes chests, the fragrant wood being 

 obnoxious to insects and said to keep moths away from clothes. 

 It is sometimes, however, attacked by the larvae of boring beetles. 



C. sempervirens is not very hardy and is only suitable for 

 the milder parts of the British Isles. Both the type and the 

 pyramidal variety form excellent garden and park trees for places 

 where the cHmatic conditions are suitable. They give the best 

 results in good, moist, loamy soil. In some places they are used 

 for hedges with excellent results. An essential oU is obtained 

 from shoots and leaves. 



Elwes and Henry, loc. cit. v, 1151 (1910). 



Gupressus thyoides, Linnaeus. (Fig. 47.) 

 White Cypress. 



Chamascyparis sphaeroidea, Spach ; C. thyoides, Britton, Stems and 

 Poggenburg ; Thuya spliaeroidalis, Richard ; T. spha?roidea, Sprengel. 

 Cedar ; Coast Wliite Cedar ; White Cedar. 



A tree attaining in N America, under the best conditions, a 

 height of 70-90 ft. and a girth of 9-12 ft. Bark thick, reddish 

 brown, fissuring into narrow, spirally twisted ridges. Branchlets 

 reddish brown, bearing triangular, acuminate, sharply pointed 

 leaves, each marked on the back with a conspicuous resin- 

 ous gland. Branchlet systems alternate, forming short, erect, 

 fan-shaped, tripinnate, flattened sprays. Leaves iV-yV in. 

 long, glaucous-green with white margins, lateral pairs boat- 

 shaped with sharp-pointed, spreading tips, facial pairs closely 

 pressed, ovate-triangular, short-pointed, flat or keeled ; most 

 of the leaves being marked on the back with a resinous gland. 

 Male flowers minute, dark brown, with 4-6 pairs of stamens. 

 Cones ripening in the autumn of the first year, globose, | in. in 

 diameter, on a short scaly stalk, bluish purple when ripe, becoming 

 ultimately reddish brown ; scales 6, each with an ovate, pointed, 

 often reflexed central process. Seeds 1-2 on each scale, i^o in. 

 long, brown, without resin- tubercles, wings narrow. 



The following varieties are known in cultivation : — 



Var. ericoides, Beissner. 



A small, dense, pyramidal bush, glaucous at first but turning 

 bronze or purplish brown in winter, of doubtful origin, and has 

 been referred to various genera but is definitely stated to have 



