PINACEiE 237 



branchlets numerous, short, angular, and glaucous. Leaves in 

 whorls of 3, rigid, erect, spreading, narrowly lance-shaped, 

 closely set on the branchlets and directed forwards, slightly 

 concave, glaucous, |-| in. long, with a conspicuous midrib above, 

 about half the width of the two white bands. Male and female 

 flowers on different trees. Fruit globular, \ in. in diameter, 

 reddish brown when mature, glaucous. 



This species is closely allied to J. Oxycedrus, of which it is 

 probably an insular form differing chiefly in habit. 



It is a native of the Canary Islands, where it was formerly 

 abundant in the sub -alpine districts and higher valleys, but has 

 been nearly exterminated owing to the demand for its timber. 

 Large trees are stiU to be found in the Island of Palma, growing 

 on the inaccessible walls of the crater and on isolated rocks above 

 7000 ft. elevation. Two forms of the species have been men- 

 tioned, one more free growing and of looser habit than the other. 

 Local conditions, however, may account for the difference. 



The tree has become too scarce to be of much economic 

 importance, but Dr. G. V. Perez, of Teneriffe, considers that it 

 might be planted with advantage for the sake of its timber, not 

 only in the Canary Islands, but in the West Indies, New Zealand, 

 S. Africa, and other warm temperate countries. He regards 

 it as being quick-growing for a juniper, whilst its wood is of first- 

 rate quality and very durable. It can only be expected to suc- 

 ceed out of doors in the very mildest parts of England, although 

 unprotected plants are growing in the North of Ireland, 



ainton-Baker, lUust. Conif. iii, 9 (1913). 



Juniperus chinensis, Linnaeus. (Fig. 51.) 

 Chinese Juniper. 



Juniperus densa, Gordon ; J. japonica, Carriere ; J. struthiacea. 

 Knight and Peny ; J. Thimbergii, Hooker and Arnott. 



A tree very variable in habit in the wild state, sometimes 

 exceeding 60 ft. in height in China and Japan. In cultivation 

 the typical form is pyramidal or columnar in shape, both adult 

 and juvenile fohage being generally found on the same plant. 

 In a wild state both male and female plants are sometimes found 

 bearing only juvenile leaves. Adult branches with the ultimate 

 divisions about ^^ in. in diameter, clothed with 4 ranks of 

 leaves in opposite pairs, which are closely pressed, overlapping 

 and rhombic in outline, yV in. long, blunt, the outer surface 

 convex, green with a paler margin marked with a glandular 

 depression on the back. Juvenile leaves awl-shaped, \ in. long, 

 spreading, in whorls of 3, or in opposite pairs, with a green 

 midrib and 2 glaucous bands above, convex beneath, ending 

 in a spiny point. Male and female floivers on different trees. 

 Male floivers bright yeUow, very numerous, usually borne on 



