252 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERiE 



Wood of small size, but very fragrant. Chiefly used for 

 distillation, the oil extracted being known as " oil of cade." 

 Factories for the distillation of the oil are estabhshed in the 

 Maritime Alps. The oU is used for medicinal purposes, particu- 

 larly in skin diseases. 



Juniperus pachyphlaea, Torrey. 

 Chequer-barked Juniper. 



Mountain Cedar ; Oak-barked Cedar ; Thick-barked Cedar. 



A tree attaining in America a height of 60 ft, and a girth of 

 15ft. Bark unlike all other junipers; up to 4 in. thick, and 

 deeply divided into small, square, scaly plates. Branchlets 

 slender, four-angled. Leaves scale-like in opposite pairs, over- 

 lapping, closely pressed, about tV in. long, ovate, blunt, margin 

 finely toothed, with a glandular furrow on the back ; those on 

 the older branchlets tipped with a sharp point. Juvenile leaves 

 awl-shaped, spreading, in threes or in opposite pairs, \-\ in. long, 

 tipped with horny points ; upper surface concave, whitened ; 

 lower surface greyish -green, keeled. The juvenile leaves gradu- 

 ally pass into the adult foliage. Male and female flowers on 

 different trees. Fruit ripening in the second year, sub-globose, 

 nearly | in. in diameter, reddish brown, glaucous, warted, with 

 6-8 pointed scales. Seeds 4, angled, shining brown. 



This juniper grows wild on dry mountain slopes at 4,000- 

 6,000 ft. elevation, from S.W. Texas to New Mexico, Arizona, 

 and southwards into Mexico. 



The largest specimen in England is at Kew ; it shows the 

 characteristic scaly bark. Reputed juvenile forms of this species 

 are very ornamental on account of their intensely glaucous 

 foliage. 



Samples of wood in the Kew Museums are straight-grained, 

 and bear a resemblance to wood of J . virginiana. 



Sargent, Silva oj N. America, x, 85, t. 520 (1896). 



Juniperus phcBnicea, Linnaeus. (Fig. 56.) 

 Phcenician Juniper. 



Juniperus bacciformis, Carriere ; J. tetragona, Moench. 



A shrub or a small tree 20-40 ft. high. Leaves on young 

 plants and rarely on isolated branches of adult trees, awl-shaped, 

 spreading, in whorls of 3, the base clasping the shoot, about 

 I in. long, with 2 lines of stomata on both the upper and lower 

 surfaces. Branchlet systems on adult trees 2-3 pinnate ; 

 ultimate branchlets roundish ; leaves scale-like, either in 4 

 ranks or in opposite pairs, or in 6 ranks in alternating whorls of 

 3 ; closely pressed, ovate, rhombic, about o'-; in. long, blunt 

 at the apex, margin toothed, furrowed on the back. Male and 



