PINACE^ 255 



grain except in very old trees ; works and polishes well, but is rather 

 brittle. It is very durable, resists damp and insect attacks, and 

 is useful for building- work, furniture, cabinet-making, shingles, 

 posts, and is being tried for pencils. Some of the older trees 

 are suffering from decay, but younger wood is excellent in every 

 way. 



Juniperus procumbens, Siebold. 



Creeping Juniper. 



J. litoralis, Hort. (not Maximowicz.). 



A handsome shrub of lax, prostrate habit. Branches some- 

 what stiff, the shoots turning upwards at the ends. Branchlets 

 glaucous on the ridges. Leaves adherent to the shoots, except 

 for the upper part, about | in. long, gradually tapering to a spine- 

 like point ; upper surface concave with a broad, white, stomatic 

 band, the green midrib not extending to the apex ; lower surface 

 convex, bluish, spotted with white, furrowed. Fruit unknown. 



This juniper, which differs from J. squamata in its longer, 

 stiffer leaves and glaucous shoots, occurs wild, as stated by 

 Siebold, in the mountains of Japan, but does not seem to have 

 been found during recent years, although it is common in Japan- 

 ese gardens. It appears to have been introduced into EngUsh 

 gardens about 30 years ago, and is now commoner and more 

 vigorous in cultivation than J. squamata. 



Planted on banks in semi-wild positions it is very effective. 

 As is the case with other junipers, it thrives in limy soil. 



Clinton-Baker, op. cit. iii, 25 (1913). 



Juniperus recurva, Buchanan -Hamilton. 



A shrub or small tree of graceful, drooping habit, attaining a 

 height of 30-40 ft. in the Himalaya, and usually broadly pyra- 

 midal in shape. Bark greyish brown, thin, peeling off in fibrous 

 strips. Branches and branchlets ultimately recurved or pendent. 

 Leaves dull or greyish green, awl-shaped, densely overlapping, 

 in whorls of 3, all pointing forwards and more or less closely 

 pressed, |-| in, long, ending in a sharp, horny point ; outer 

 surface convex, channelled ; inner surface concave, whitened. 

 Male and female flowers on the same tree. Male flowers terminal 

 or in the axils of the leaves of the ultimate divisions of the 

 branchlets, about ^ in. long, with 12-16 stamens. Fruit 

 axillary, ripening in the second year, dark purplish brown, 

 ovoid, I in. long ; scales 3-6 united, each with a triangular, 

 spreading point. Seed solitary, ovoid, pitted. 



A native of the E. Himalaya occurring in Sikkim and 

 Bhutan between 9,000-12,000 ft. altitude. Introduced, according 

 to Loudon, in 1830 ; but not common in cultivation. There 



