PINACE^ 263 



their pointed tips, ovate, about i\v in. long, furrowed on the back. 

 Male and female flowers on different trees. Fruit ripening in 

 the second year, sub-globose, about ^ in. in diameter, glaucous 

 when ripe ; scales 6, the upper pointed. Seeds 2-4 ovate, shining 

 brown, i in. long, with 2-3 resin-pits at the base. 



Var. gallica, De Coincy. 



This is said to differ from the type in its seeds being striate 

 and less angular. 



Common on the mountains of Cent, and S. Spain, and also 

 occurs in S.E. France, Portugal, Sardinia, Morocco, and Algeria. 



J. ihurijera has been known in cultivation since 1752, but is 

 now rare in collections, thriving only in warm situations. 



The wood is used for incense, posts, and possibly other pur- 

 poses, but is unknown in commerce. 



Elwes and Henry, loc. cit. vi, 1427 (1912) ; Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. iii, 

 11 (1913). 



Juniperus utahensis, Lemmon. 

 Desert Juniper. 



A species very near J. calif ornica, from which it may be recog- 

 nized by its more slender branches, usually glandless leaves, which 

 are sometimes arranged in twos instead of in whorls of 3, and 

 by its usually globose berries, which are blue-black with a whitish 

 bloom like those of J. occidentalis. 



According to Jepson,^ J. utahensis takes the place of J. cali- 

 f ornica in the arid regions of the Great Basin between the Rocky 

 Mountains and Sierra Nevada, where it is common ui the plateau 

 valleys at 5,000 ft. elevation, or on the mountains up to 8,000 ft. 



Juniperus virginiana, Lumaius. (Fig. 60.) 

 Pencil Cedar. 



Cedar ; Red Cedar ; Virginian Cedar. 



A tree up to 100 ft. high and 12 ft. in gkth, with a pyramidal 

 head of spreading branches, the trunk often fluted at the base. 

 Bark reddish brown, peeling off in long strips. Ultimate branch- 

 lets of adult trees slender, :,\t in. in diameter, with scale-like leaves 

 arranged in 4 ranks, overlapping, closely pressed, about tV in. 

 long, short- or long-pointed, free at the apex, with a glandular 

 depression on the back. Leaves on older branchlets broader, 

 about y\, in. long, becoming brown and withered. Juvenile 

 leaves often present on adult trees, and spreading, in pairs, i-i 

 in. long, ending in a spiny point, concave and glaucous above, 

 green and convex beneath. 3Iale and female flowers usually on 



I Silva of California, 163 (1910). 



