266 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



by Evelyn, and is the largest juniper in cultivation in Britain, 

 though somewhat less common than J. chinensis. 



Wood pink or reddish, rather soft, brittle, straight-grained, 

 very durable. The most valuable of all known woods for the 

 manufacture of casings for lead pencils, and practically all wood 

 free from defects is used for that purpose. Knotty wood is used 

 for fencing and railway sleepers. Shavings and dust from pencil 

 factories are distilled for the fragrant oil contained in the wood, 

 the oil being used for scenting soap and other kinds of perfumery. 

 After distillation the shavings are used as a substitute for coconut 

 fibre for horticultural purposes ; also in the manufacture of lino- 

 leum. 



J. virginiana is perfectly hardy in the British Isles and thrives 

 under a wide range of conditions. 



Elwes and Henry, op. cit. vi, 1435 (1912); Clinton -Baker, Illust. Conif. ii, 74, 

 No. 4 (1909). 



Juniperus Wallichiana, Hooker fil. (Fig. 61.) 

 Black Jfniper. 



Junii:)eriis pseudo-Sabina, Hooker (not Fischer and Meyer). 



A tree 60 ft. high in the Himalaya. Adult branchlets with 

 the ultimate divisions four-sided and about ^V in. in diameter, 

 the leaves closely pressed or overlapping, arranged in 4 ranks, 

 narrowly ovate, about yV ^- long, sub-acute, with the points 

 incurved, furrowed on the back ; margins whitish. Leaves on 

 the main axis larger, up to J in. long, with acuminate points. 

 Juvenile fohage often predominating on adult trees ; leaves awl- 

 shaped, in whorls of 3, |— | in. long, sharply pointed, directed 

 forwards, concave and glaucous above, furrowed on the back. 

 Male and female flowers on different trees. Fruit ripening in the 

 second year, ovoid, | in. long, ^ in. wide near the base, blue when 

 mature, with minute points above indicating the 3-5 scales. Seed 

 sohtary, | in. long, ovoid, compressed, with two or three depres- 

 sions. 



This species is a native of the Himalaya from the Indus to 

 Bhutan, between 9,000-15,000 ft. elevation, becoming shrubby 

 in the western part of its range. It was introduced in 1849, 

 when Sir Joseph Hooker sent seeds to Kew, but is very rare in 

 cultivation. 



Wood much used as firewood and burned as incense in 

 Buddhist temples. 



Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. iii, 32 (1913). 



KETELEERIA, Carriere. 



Evergreen trees natives of China and Formosa. Branches 

 horizontal, spreading. Buds ovoid or roundish, with numerous 



