322 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



oblong, narrowed at each end, 2|-5 in. long, f-1 in. broad, green 

 when young, purple before ripening, russet brown when mature ; 

 scales broadly ovate, ultimately reflexed, with entire, rounded 

 margins ; bracts minute, concealed, oblong, toothed on the upper 

 margin. Seed with a wing about three times its length. 



P. Breweriana may be distinguished among the flat-leaved 

 spruces by its markedly weeping habit, hairy shoots, and leaves 

 convex on both surfaces. It is the rarest of all the spruces, being 

 confined to a few isolated locaHties in the Siskiyou Moun- 

 tains of N.W. California and S.W. Oregon, extending, according 

 to Jepson, from N. Trinity County through the Siskiyous north- 

 ward to the mountains south of Rogue River and westward to 

 the Oregon coast range. 



This beautiful tree was probably discovered in 1863 by Pro- 

 fessor Brewer, of Yale University, after whom it is named, but 

 it was not described until found again some twenty years later 

 by Mr. T, Howell, an Oregon botanist. 



P. Breweriana has been in cultivation since 1897, when a 

 small plant was sent to Kew from the Arnold Arboretum. In 

 1905 it was 2|- ft. high. At the present time (1923) it is 141 ft. 

 high, and the branches are 11 1 ft. across near the base. It first 

 bore cones in 1920. Mr. F. R, S. Balfour brought home from 

 S.W. Oregon in 1908 a number of wild lifted plants, some of which 

 he has since distributed to various gardens. At Dawyck in 

 Tweeddale he has several of these trees, which thrive extremely 

 well. Although it is more vigorous than some of the better- 

 known species it is a slow-growing though perfectly hardy tree, 

 thriving in good, moist, loamy soil. The Kew plant is growing 

 in fight, loamy soil containing a fittle peat. 



Wood soft, close-grained, compact, light brown, shining, and 

 the heaviest of the spruces, but the timber is too scarce to be 

 of any economic value. 



Jepson, Silva of California, 111 (1910) ; Sudworth, Trees of the Pacific Slope, 

 84 (1908). 



Picea Engelmanni, Engelmann. 

 Engelmann Spruce. 



Abies alba, Torrey ; A. Engelmanni, Parry ; A. nigra, Engelmann (not 

 Link) ; Pinus commutata, Parlatore ; P. Engelmanni, Engelmann. 



Arizona Spruce ; Balsam ; Motintain Spruce ; White Pine ; White 

 Spruce. 



An alpine spruce attaining in N. America a height of 150 ft. 

 and a girth of 15 ft., but generally of much smaller dimensions, 

 with a narrow spire-like crown. Bark reddish, resinous and 

 scaly. Young shoots greyish yellow, with minute scattered hairs. 

 Buds conical, about i in. long, with rounded scales. Leaves 

 similar to those of P. excelsa in arrangement, grey-green or blue- 



