330 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



pressed trees quickly recover. On low-lying wet land young 

 trees are liable to injury from spring frosts. As an ornamental 

 tree it is less picturesque than the Scots pine. Its principal 

 value in Britain is for silvicultural purposes, but good timber 

 can only be obtained by very careful management. 



The numerous dwarf forms are useful for the rock-garden, 

 but some of the taller varieties are simply monstrosities. In 

 1913 the forest garden at Adlisberg, Switzerland, contained a 

 very interesting group of abnormal seedhngs of the common 

 spruce. At that time the plants were 13 years old and aU had 

 originated from the seed of one tree, which had a normal leader 

 but a curious bunchy branch system. The seedlings were of three 

 types. About 16 per cent, were of normal habit with single 

 trunks ; about 31 per cent, had developed several trunks from 

 the base ; whilst 53 per cent, had formed dense, round, cushion- 

 like plants of heights varying from a few inches to a few feet. 

 There were minor variations which made it possible to select 

 forms which would probably represent almost all the named 

 garden varieties. 



The dwarf varieties can be increased by cuttings of short 

 shoots dibbled into sandy soil in a cold frame or under a hand- 

 Hght in July, whilst the larger ones are usually grafted on stocks 

 of the type indoors in March. 



The common spruce and its varieties are very liable to injury 

 by Chermes abietis, and both young and old trees are often dis- 

 figured by cone-like galls. 



Elwes and Henry, he. cit. vi, 1337 (1912). 



Picea Glehni, Masters. 



Glehn's Spruce. 



A tree attaining in Japan 100 or more ft. in height, with a 

 trunk 10-15 ft. in girth. Bark distinct from all the other species, 

 reddish brown or chocolate in colour, dividing into thin flakes 

 which turn grey as they fall off. Branches short, slender, forming 

 a narrow crown. Branchlets reddish brown, with dense hairs 

 often confined to the furrows. Buds small, ovoid or conical, 

 resinous, with closely overlapping scales, the terminal bud 

 surrounded with a ring of awl-shaped scales. Leaves crowded, 

 arranged like those of the common spruce, |-1| in. long, ending in 

 a short, horny point, compressed, quadrangular in section, with 

 lines of stomata on all 4 sides. Cones cylindrical, 2| in. long, 

 1 in. in diameter, shining brown when ripe, with roundish scales 

 sHghtly toothed on the upper margin and minute bracts. Seeds 

 with a wing f in. long. 



Recognized by its reddish shoots, which are often hairy only 

 in the furrows. 



