PINACE.E 351 



blunt or short-pointed at the apex, with 2-4 stomatic lines 

 on each surface. Cones ovoid cylindric, narrowing abruptly to 

 a stalk-like base, U-2 in. long, | in. broad, green or purplish 

 when growing, shining brown when ripe, usually deciduous in the 

 second year ; scales 'i, in. long, the upper margin entire or toothed. 

 Seeds mottled dark brown, ^ in. long with a wing about i in. 

 long. 



Forma vegeta, Rehder. 

 This differs from the type in the long, slender branches which 

 are entirely without branchlets. It was found at the base of 

 Mount Hopkins, Massachusetts, as a single tree from which 

 grafts were taken and propagated at the Arnold Arboretum. 

 It has a parallel form in the European snake spruce, P. excelsa, 

 var. virgata. [See Rhodora, ix, p. 110 (1907)]. 



P. rubra is distinguished from all the other spruces by its 

 crowded, incurved, grass-green leaves, pecuhar bud-scales, and 

 hairy shoots. ^ It is allied to the black spruce, which has similar 

 shoots and bud-scales, but the foliage is glaucous-green and almost 

 straight. 



The red spruce is found wild in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward 

 Island, the valley of the Saint Lawrence and the N.W. United 

 States. Extensive forests of it occur in New York, where in the 

 Adirondacks it reaches 4,500 ft. altitude. It extends through the 

 Alleghany Mountains to Pennsylvania and N. Carolina. 



Wood very similar to that of P. alba and used for similar 

 purposes. 



It is not common in Britain, but a good specimen exists at 

 Stanage Park, Radnorshire, the seat of Mr. C. Coltman Rogers. 



Picea australis, small, is closely allied to P. rubra, from which 

 it is said to differ in its young shoots being glabrous, or hairy 

 only in the furrows, and in its smaller cones, which are rarely 

 1 in. long, and fall immediately after shedding their seeds. 



It is a native of Virginia and N. Carolina. 

 Small, Flora, S.E. United States, 30 (1903). 



Picea Schrenkiana, Fischer and Meyer. 

 Schrenk's Spruce. 



Picea obovata, var. Schrenkiana, Carriere ; Abies Schrenkiana, LindJey 

 and Gordon. 



A large tree, 100 or more ft. high in its native country, where it 

 often assumes a narrowly p5T'amidal or columnar habit. Young 

 shoots grey, glabrous or with scattered hairs. Buds ovoid or 

 dome-shaped with obtuse scales, the terminal bud surrounded 



^ We have seen forms of P. excelsa with very hairy shoots, but the buds of the 

 latter species are quite distinct. 



