PINACE^ 369 



purple when growing, light brown when mature ; scales much 

 thickened, | in. long, | in. wide, rounded at the apex, with a 

 sharp point. Seeds \-\ in. long, \ in. wide, not shed when ripe ; 

 wings rudimentary and remaining on the scales. 



E. alhicaulis is distinguished from all its allies except P. 

 flexilis by its entire leaves, and from P. flexilis by its indehiscent 

 cones. 



This pine has a more distinctly alpine distribution than P. 

 flexilis, occurring on many mountain ranges at altitudes of 5,000- 

 12,000 ft., from British Columbia to S. California and Mexico, 

 and on the Rocky Mountains through Idaho to N. Wyoming. 

 In the more exposed places it is found as flat, table-like masses 

 close to the ground or with long prostrate branches growing over 

 rocks. 



Wood moderately soft, annual rings very close, sapwood 

 narrow, quaUty poor. It is used locally for huts and cabins, 

 mine timber and firewood, but has no general commercial value. 

 The seeds are edible and used for food, but they are difficult to 

 obtain by reason of the depredations of squirrels and crows. 



The species is scarcely known in cultivation, and it does not 

 appear to be well adapted for the British Isles, although it may 

 succeed better at high altitudes in Scotland and the north of 

 England than further south. A small tree, which is difficult to 

 identify with certainty in the absence of cones, is growing near 

 the Pagoda at Kew, and is now (January, 1923) 4 ft. 7 in. high, 

 may be this sj^ecies. 



Jepson, Silva of Calif. 73 (1910) ; Sudworth, Pine Trees of the Rocky Mount. 

 Reg., Bull. 4G0, p. 9, U.S. Dept. of Agrio. (1917). 



Pinus aristata, Engelmann. (Fig. 82.) 

 Bristle -CONE Pine. 



Piiius Balfouriana, ^^'atson (not Balfour) ; P. Balfouriana, var. aristata, 

 Engelmann. Foxtail Pine ; Hickory Pine. 



A small but usually a vigorous tree 15-40 ft. or more high, 

 with a short trunk 3-6 ft. in girth. Bark of young trees thin, 

 smooth and greenish, becoming ridged and scaly on old speci- 

 mens. Young shoots stout, yellowish brown, clothed with minute 

 reddish brown hairs which are denser than in P. Balfouriana. 

 Buds and leaves as in P. Baljouriana except that the leaves are 

 speckled with a white, resinous exudation. Cones shorter than in 

 the latter species, 3-3| in. long, the scales armed with a slender 

 prickle. Seed-wing easily separating from the seed. 



Native of the Rocky Mountains from Colorado, westward 

 through the mountains of S, Utah and Cent, and S, Nevada and 

 N. Arizona into S.E. California. Introduced into cultivation 

 in 1863. 



BB 



