PINACEiE 379 



richer in turpentine than that of P. palustris. For this purpose 

 alone it is worth attention in sub-tropical countries. 



The southerly distribution of this species makes it of no value 

 for the British Isles, but it is likely to become a more important 

 tree than at present in its natural habitat and possibly in other 

 countries also. In a wild state it reproduces itself well and is 

 taking the place of P. 'palustris in some localities. The best 

 specimens are found on good low-lying wet ground, growth on 

 poor and dry land being restricted. 



Mohr, The Timber Pines of the Southern United States, pp. 79-89 (1897). 



Pinus Cembra, Linnaeus. (Fig. 84.) 

 Arolla Pine. 



Pinus Cedrus, Uspensk ; P. coronans, Litvinof ; P. montana, Lamarck 

 (not Miller) ; P. sibirica, Mayr. Alpine Pine ; Cedar ; Cedr ; Cembran 

 Pine ; Siberian Cedar ; Swiss Stone Pine. 



A tree 60-130 ft. high in a natural state, with the primary 

 branches spreading and sometimes very stout. In cultivation in 

 Britain its dimensions are smaller, usually not more than 50-70 ft. 

 high, with short, horizontal branches, forming a tree of compact, 

 pyramidal habit. Bark on young trees thin, greenish grey, 

 smooth or with numerous resin blisters, at length rugged, and 

 separating into thin, scaly patches on older trees. Young shoots 

 clothed with dense, orange-coloured down. Winter huds about 

 \ in. long, ovoid, long-pointed, resinous, with narrow, lance-shaped, 

 closely-pressed scales. Leaves in fives, persisting 3-5 years, 

 crowded on the shoot, erect, rather rigid, 2|-3| in. long, margins 

 toothed, the teeth being distant and not extending to the pointed 

 tip, stomata confined to the two inner surfaces in rather faint 

 lines ; resin canals median ; basal sheath deciduous. Cones 

 subterminal, egg-shaped, erect, 2-3 in. long, 1|-2J in. wide, on 

 short stalks, greenish with a violet tinge at first, then purplish- 

 brown when fully ripe, never opening ; scales rounded in out- 

 line, 1 in. long, I in. wide, with a thickened apex, minutely downy 

 on the outer surface. Seeds, edible, wingless, or with a rudi- 

 mentary wing, hberated by the scales rotting, or by birds and 

 animals in search of food. 



The following varieties are sometimes seen in cultivation : — 



Var. aurea. 

 Foliage yellowish. The plant is not very robust. 



Var. chlorocarpa. 

 Habit dwarf and compact. 



P. Cembra may easily be distinguished from all other five- 

 leaved species except P. koraiensis by its distinct habit and the 

 shaggy, orange-brown pubescence on the young shoots. In P. 



