PINACE.^ 385 



Pinus contorta, Douglas. (Fig, 86.) 

 Beach Pine. 



Pinvis Banksiana, Lindley and Gordon (not Lambert) ; P. Bolanderi, 

 Parlatore ; P. Boursieri, Carriere ; P. inops, Bongard ; P. Macintoshiana, 

 Hort. ; P. muricata, Bolander (not D. Don) ; P. tenuis, Lemmon. 

 Bolander's Pine ; Henderson's Pine ; Sand Pine ; Scrub Pine ; Shore Pine ; 

 Tamarack Pine ; Twisted Pine ; Twisted-branch Pine. 



A tree varying greatly in stature and habit, according to 

 situation, from a stunted bush or small tree 10-30 ft. high, with 

 short and twisted branches, to a tree 70-200 ft. high. Bark on 

 mature trees |-f in. thick, reddish brown, dividing into thin 

 scales. Young shoots green, without down, becoming brown in 

 the second year. Winter huds cylindrical, short-pointed, \ in. 

 long, resinous. Leaves in pairs, persisting 3-8 years, yellowish 

 green, often of a metallic lustre, twisted, varying in length and 

 breadth on different trees, 1-3 in. long, .V-i in. wide, margins 

 with rudimentary teeth sometimes difficult to distinguish, ending 

 in a short, horny point ; numerous stomatic lines on each surface ; 

 resin canals median ; basal sheath \-\ in. long at first, becoming 

 shorter on older leaves. Cones sub-terminal, opening when ripe 

 or remaining closed for years ; shortly stalked, solitary, in pairs 

 or in clusters, ovoid or conical, f-2| in. long ; scales thin, ^-| in. 

 long, ^1 in. wide, the exposed part armed with a short, often 

 deciduous, prickle. Seeds reddish brown, \-\ in. long, with darker 

 spots. 



P. contorta in its restricted sense is found on the Pacific Coast 

 from Alaska to the W. Cascade Mountains. It is recorded as 

 having been discovered by David Douglas in 1825, near the mouth 

 of the Columbia River in Washington, and was apparently 

 introduced about 1855, when it appeared in Lawson's catalogue 

 under the name of P. Macintoshiana. 



Var. Murrayana, Engelmann. 

 LoDGEPOLE Pine. 



Pinus contorta, var. latifolia, Hort. ; P. Murrayana, Balfoui\ P. 

 Tamrac, Murray ; Black Pine ; Murray Pine ; Pitch Pine ; Prickly Pine ; 

 Red Pine ; Spruce Pine ; Tamarack Pine ; Tamrac Pine ; White Pine. 



A tree 70-200 ft. high with a tapering trunk and scaly bark, 

 differing from the type in its more vigorous habit, broader leaves, 

 and larger cones. As it is usually found under more favourable 

 conditions of growth, these differences may be entirely due to 

 soil and shelter. Intermediate forms occur. It is a very common 

 tree in the mountains from Alaska to California, where it was 

 discovered in 1805. It was introduced to Great Britain by 

 Jeffrey in 1853 or 1854. 



P. contorta and the variety Murrayana may be distinguished 



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