PINACE^ 387 



very close annual rings. That from trees near the coast is of 

 little value, but the timber yielded by the Lodgepole variety is 

 similar in quality to that of P. Pinaster. A good deal of the timber 

 is knotty, but the best qualities are moderately strong and 

 straight-grained, with reddish or brown heartwood and pale 

 yellow sapwood. It works well, and is used for log-houses, interior 

 finish of houses and other buildings, boat-building, general 

 construction, cooperage, box-making, and, when creosoted, for 

 railway sleepers, paving blocks, and fencing. Large quantities 

 of timber are available, the marketable timber in British Columbia 

 alone having been estimated as 11,861,000,000 board ft.^ The 

 common name of lodgepole pine arose through its common use 

 for the centre-pole of the huts of N. American Indians. 



The coast form is often found on sand-dunes fully exposed to 

 violent winds, and it has a value for the fixing and j^rotection of 

 such areas. Its timber value is, however, neghgible when grown 

 under these conditions, but in less exposed places inland it grows 

 more freely, even on poor and stony soil, and has an increased 

 timber value. The mountain form (var. Murrayana) is common 

 on high land, mountain slopes and valleys, at 7,000-11,500 ft. 

 elevation, the best stands being on north and east slopes. It 

 is not adapted to limestone, but gives excellent results on dry, 

 gravelly soils. ^ In exposed, rocky places it becomes stunted and 

 resembles the coast form. Pure forests of extensive area exist, 

 whUst it also occurs in mixture with other trees. It is very 

 intolerant of shade and cleans itself well when grown in dense 

 stands. Seeds are produced freely every year, and as they are 

 small with well- developed wings, they are widely distributed 

 and regeneration of cleared areas is readily accomplished. Trees 

 begin coning very early in life when in open positions, often at 

 an age of 6-8 years. 



Several good specimens of var. Murrayana are growing at 

 Westonbirt, the largest being 56 ft. by 4 ft. 3 in. at 5 ft. from the 

 ground, and 55| ft. by 5 ft. 4 in. at the same height. 



There is also a tree at Bayfordbury. 



Jepson, Silva oj California, ii, p. 83 (1910) ; Forest Tables : Lodgepole Pine, 

 For. Ser. Circular, 126, U.S. Dept. of Agric. (1907). 



Pinus Coulteri, D. Don. (Fig. 87.) 

 Big-cone Pine. 



Pinus macrocarpa, Lindley ; P. Sabiniana, Parry (not Douglas). 

 Coulter's Pine ; Large-cone Pine ; Nut Pine ; Pitch Pine. 



A tree 80 ft. high and 12 ft. in girth. Bark thick, dark 



brown, deeply and irregularly fissured. Branches stout and widely 



^ Whitford and Craig, Forests of British Columbia, Comm. of Conservation, 

 Canada, p. 241 (1918). 



2 Sudworth, Pine Trees of tite Rocky Mountain Region, p. 41 (1917). 



